summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第一单元负数●第一课时教学设计教学内容负数的意义，负数的读写法等时间分配讲授练习18分22分教学理念让学生在具体生活情境中感受“数”的意义。本课时教学，先通过以电视台天气预报为例，说出一年中的最高气温和最低气温，从而引入了负数这一概念。从而让学生感知数学来源于生活，生活中处处有数学这一理念。教学目标1.结合具体情境，了解负数产生的过程、意义，对负数有初步的认识。2.使学生能正确地读写负数。3.能对生活中有关负数的事物产生兴趣。教学准备实物投影设备、温度计等教学流程一、创设情境，揭示课题1．说一说对温度的认识。（1）以电视台天气预报为例，说一说某些一年中出现的最高气温是多少，最低气温是多少等等。（2）说一说“零下××度”是什么意思，怎样表示？2．揭示课题师生共同谈话：今天，我们一起来认识一个新朋友—负数。（板书课题）二、探索新知1．教学例1（1）实物投影呈现课文情境图。（2）说一说：从图上你了解到哪些信息？还想知道什么？（3）让学生根据了解到的信息进行交流、讨论。①在小组中说一说自己的认识和想法，与同学分享你的知识，解答你的疑问。②汇报交流情况、认知结果。③在学生汇报的基础上，教师进行简要的说明。2．教学例2（1）出示银行存折，观察存折中的数据。（2）说一说：这些数各表示什么？（3）以“500”和“-500”为例，说明什么是相反意义的量。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第一单元负数●第一课时教学设计教学流程3．认识负数（1）联系“16°C”和“-16°C”以及“500”和“-500”，说一说你有什么体会。（2）什么是负数（3）讲解负数的读法。（4）什么是正数。（5）让学生通过观察正数和负数，比较正数和负数的异同。（6）关于0。①教师可明确告诉学生：0既不是正数，也不是负数。②你能写出几个负数吗？4．做一做指导学生完成第1、第2题。5．课堂小结说一说你对负数有了哪些认识。三、巩固练习完成课本练习一的1～3题四、布置作业板书设计认识负数为了表示两种相反意义的量，这里出现了一种新的数，像-16、-500、-0.4、-，……这样的数叫负数。-16读作：负十六-500读作：负五百-0.4读作：负零点四-读作：负八分之三课总后结本课时的教学，通过创设情境，以生活来引入“负数”这一概念，让学生感知数学来源于生活，生活中处处有数学，从而激发学生的学习兴趣。同时，以讨论、交流、合作的学习方式为主，让学生自己捕捉学习信息，自己解决问题。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第一单元负数●第二课时教学设计教学内容比较正数和负数的大小时间分配讲授练习18分22分教学理念数学活动必须建立在学生已有的知识和经验的基础上，倡导自主、合作、探究的学习方式，让学生参与活动，参与数学，使课堂充满生机和创新活动，逐步形成探索数学问题的兴趣与欲望。教学目标1、借助数轴初步学会比较正数、0和负数之间的大小。2、初步体会数轴上数的顺序，完成对数的结构的初步构建。3、使学生能运用负数表示简单的问题。教学准备实物投影设备、直尺等教学流程一、复习：1、读数，指出哪些是正数，哪些是负数？-8  5.6   +0.9   -   +    0  -822、如果+20%表示增加20%，那么-6%表示。二、新授：（一）教学例3：1、怎样在数轴上表示数？（1、2、3、4、5、6、7）2、出示例3：（1）提问你能在一条直线上表示他们运动后的情况吗？（2）让学生确定好起点（原点）、方向和单位长度。学生画完后交流。（3）教师在黑板上画好直线，在相应的点上用小图片代表大树和学生，在问怎样用数表示这些学生和大树的相对位置关系？（让学生把直线上的点和正负数对应起来。（4）学生回答，教师在相应点的下方标出对应的数，再让学生说说直线上其他几个点代表的数，让学生对数轴上的点表示的正负数形成相对完整的认识。（5）总结：我们可以像这样在直线上表示出正数、0和负数，像这样的直线我们叫数轴。（6）引导学生观察：A、从0起往右依次是？从0起往左依次是？你发现什么规律？B、在数轴上分别找到1.5和-1.5对应的点。如果从起点分别到.5和-1.5处，应如何运动？119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第一单元负数●第二课时教学设计教学流程（7）练习：做一做的第1、2题。（二）教学例4：1、出示未来一周的天气情况，让学生把未来一周每天的最低气温在数轴上表示出来，并比较他们的大小。2、学生交流比较的方法。3、通过讨论，引出利用数轴比较数的大小规定：在数轴上，从左到右的顺序就是数从小到大的顺序。4、再让学生进行比较，利用学生的具体比较来说明“-8在-6的左边，所以-8〈-6”。5、再通过让另一学生比较“8〉6，但是-8〈-6”，使学生初步体会两负数比较大小时，负号后面的数字大的负数反而小。6、总结：负数比0小，正数比0大，负数比正数小。7、练习：做一做第3题。 三、巩固练习1、练习一第4、5题。   2、练习一第6题。四、全课总结（1）在数轴上，从左到右的顺序就是数从小到大的顺序。（2）负数比0小，正数比0大，负数比正数小。五、布置作业板书设计比较正数和负数的大小我们可以像这样在直线上表示出正数、0和负数，像这样的直线我们叫数轴。负数比0小，正数比0大，负数比正数小。课总后结本课时的教学，在教师的指导下，给学生充足的时间和空间，让学生通过讨论、交流，自己发现负数的比较方法，把学习的自主权交给学生，使学生学得有趣，激发学生学习的积极性，达到了“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆柱●第一课时教学设计教学内容圆柱的认识，圆柱的特征、底面、侧面、高以及侧面展开图与圆柱的关系等时间分配讲授练习16分24分教学理念注重学生已有的生活经验，感受数学来源于生活，运用于生活。教学伊始，先出示情境图，让学生观察生活中的圆柱，并让学生举出成活中的圆柱，这样，让学生进一步认识圆柱。并通过大量的实践操作活动，使学生亲身感受“做数学”的过程。教学目标1、借助日常生活中的圆柱体，认识圆柱的特征和圆柱各部分的名称，能看懂圆柱的平面图；认识圆柱侧面的展开图。2、培养学生细致的观察能力和一定的空间想像能力。3、激发学生学习的兴趣。教学准备圆柱实物、侧面展开教具等教学流程一、导入新课出示一个长方体形的物体和正方体形的物体，提问：这两个物体是什么形状的?他们有什么特征?请大家拿出自己准备好的跟老师一样的物体，看一看，摸一摸，你们感觉它们与长方体和正方体有什么不一样?二、学习新课1、圆柱的认识。实物投影呈现课文插图，引导学生观察图形的特征。让学生拿着圆柱形的物体观察和摆弄后，指定几名学生说出自己观察的结果。从而使学生认识到长方体、正方体都是由平面围成的立体图形；而圆柱则有一个曲面，有两个面是圆，从上到下一样粗细，等等。教师指出：像这样的物体就叫做圆柱体，简称圆柱。这节课我们就来学习这种新的立体图形。（板书课题：圆柱）教师：请大家再观察一下，这些圆柱的上、下两个面有什么特点?（用直观教具，引导学生观察）引导学生发现：圆柱的上、下两个面都是平面，并且它们是完全相同的两个圆。教师指出：圆柱的上、下两个面叫做底面。接着让学生用手摸一摸圆柱周围的面，使学生发现圆柱有一个曲面，由此指出：圆柱的这个曲面叫做侧面。(在图上标出侧面。)119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆柱●第一课时教学设计教学流程让学生看圆柱形物体，指出：圆柱的两个底面之间的距离叫做高。然后在图上标出高。提问：圆柱的高有多少条?他们之间有什么关系?使学生明白：圆柱的高有无数条，他们都相等。然后让学生拿出自己的学具，同桌的两名同学相互指出圆柱的两个底面、侧面和高。小结：圆柱的特征(可以启发学生总结)，强调底面和高的特点。2圆柱的侧面展开图请大家想一想，圆柱侧面的展开图是什么图形?教师出示罐头盒，引导学生进行实验：沿着罐头盒的一条高剪开商标纸，再打开，展开在黑板上，得到的是一个长方形。引导学生想一想：长方形的长、宽与圆柱的什么有关？有什么关系？学生独立思考想象长、宽与圆柱的关系；与同学交流，说一说自己的思维过程；汇报交流结果。教师演示教具配合说明，让学生更进一步明确圆柱与长方形的关系。四、巩固练习做第11、12页“做一做”五、布置作业板书设计圆柱的认识底面（两个大小完全相同的圆）圆柱高—有无数条长=圆柱的底面周长侧面—沿着一条高展开—长方形宽=圆柱的高课总后结本课时教学，教师注重生活中的数学，让学生从生活中感悟圆柱，学生兴趣很高。在认识圆柱的特征时，通过大量的实践操作活动，让学生通过观察、动手实践，从中获取知识。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆柱●第二课时教学设计教学内容圆柱的侧面积、表面积的计算时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念教学活动必须建立在学生认识发展水平和已有的知识经验的基础上，注重解决问题策略意识的培养，提升思维品质，体现学生学习过程的自我构建，自我生成的过程。教学目标1．在初步认识圆柱的基础上理解圆柱的侧面积和表面积的含义，掌握圆柱侧面积和表面积的计算方法，会正确计算圆柱的侧面积和表面积。2．在数学学习活动中获得成功的体验，建立自信心。教学准备圆柱侧面展开教具119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程一、复习1．指名学生说出圆柱的特征．2．口头回答下面问题．（1）长方体的表面积指的是什么？（2）长方形的面积怎样计算？二、探索新知1．揭示课题。今天，我们一起来学习圆柱的表面积的计算。（板书课题：圆柱的表面积）2、教学例3。理解圆柱表面积的含义．（1）让学生把自己制作的圆柱模型展开，观察一下，圆柱的表面由哪几个部分组成？（通过操作，使学生认识到：圆柱的表面由上下两个底面和侧面组成。）（2）圆柱的表面积是指圆柱表面的面积，也就是圆柱的侧面积加上两个底面的面积。板书：圆柱的表面积＝圆柱的侧面积＋底面积×2（3）圆柱的底面积你会计算吗？侧面积呢？①圆柱的侧面积，顾名思义，也就是圆柱侧面的面积。②出示圆柱的展开图：这个展开后的长方形的面积和圆柱的侧面积有什么关系人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆柱●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程呢？（学生观察很容易看到这个长方形的面积等于圆柱的侧面积）③那么，圆柱的侧面积应该怎样计算呢？（引导学生根据展开后的长方形的长和宽与圆柱底面周长和高的关系，可以知道：圆柱的侧面积＝底面周长×高）3．尝试练习。（1）求下面个圆柱的侧面积。①底面周长2.5dm，高0.6dm。②底面直径8cm，高12cm。（2）求下面个圆柱的表面积。①底面积是40c㎡，侧面积是25c㎡。②底面半径是2dm，高是5dm。4.课堂小结：说一说你的体会。三、巩固练习。完成课本练习二第5～8题。四、布置作业。板书设计圆柱的表面积圆柱的表面积＝圆柱的侧面积＋底面积×2长方形的面积=长×宽圆柱的侧面积=底面周长×高课总后结本课时教学，根据学生原有的知识，通过观察、讨论、引导，发现圆柱的表面积的计算公式和计算方法。在设计练习时，由浅入深，由简单到复杂，符合学生的心理特点，激发学生的学习兴趣，并放手给学生自己练习，从而找到解决问题的方法。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆柱●第三课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容综合运用圆柱表面积知识解决有关实际问题。时间分配讲授练习16分24分教学理念数学课堂必须面向学生的生活世界和社会实践，学生的数学内容应当是现实的、有意义的、富有挑战的，联系生活情境，引导参与，尊重学生，强调学生身临其境去进行全方位的体验，感受数学与现实生活的联系，增强应用意识。教学目标1．使学生熟练掌握圆柱表面积、侧面积的计算方法，并能解决有关实际问题。2．形成解决问题的一些基本策略，发展应用意识，发展实践能力。教学准备纸制一顶厨师帽教学流程一、旧知铺垫1．一个圆柱高20厘米，底面直径12厘米。（1）圆柱的底面积是多少？（2）圆柱的侧面积是多少？（3）圆柱的表面积是多少？2．计算下面个圆柱的表面积。10cm1.5m8cm0.8m二、探索新知1．教学例4（1）出示例4。学生读题，明确已知条件（已知圆柱的高和底面直径，求表面积）（2）求的是厨师帽所用的材料，需要注意些什么？（厨师帽没有下底面，说明它只有一个底面）（3）指定两名学生板演，其他学生独立进行计算。教师行间巡视，注意察看最后的得数是否计算正确。（做完后，集体订正。指名学生回答自己在计算时，最后的得数是怎样取得的。由此指出：这道题使用的材料要比计算得到的结果多一些。因此人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆柱●第三课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程这里不能用四舍五入法取近似值。这道题要保留整十平方厘米，省略的十位上即使是4或比4小，都要向前一位进1。这种取近值的方法叫做进一法。）①帽子侧面积：3.14×20×28＝1758.4（平方厘米）②冒顶的面积：3.14×（20÷2）2＝314（平方厘米）③需要用面料：1758.4＋314＝2072.4≈2080（平方厘米）2．小结：在实际应用中计算圆柱形物体的表面积，要根据实际情况计算各部分的面积。如计算烟筒用铁皮只求一个侧面积；水桶用铁皮是侧面积加上一个底面积；油桶用铁皮是侧面积加上两个底面积，求用料多少，一般采用进一法取值，以保证原材料够用。3．尝试练习一种圆柱形流水管，每节长度为1.2m，横截面直径为0.5m，制作20节这样的流水管，至少需要铁皮多少平方米？（得数保留整数）4．完成课本中的做一做。5．课堂小结：在运用圆柱表面积计算知识解决实际问题中，你认为要注意什么？三、巩固练习完成课本练习二的有关习题。四、布置作业板书设计运用圆柱表面积知识解决有关实际问题例4一顶厨师帽，高28厘米，帽顶直径20厘米，做这样一顶帽子至少需要用多少面料？（得数保留整十平方厘米）①帽子侧面积：3.14×20×28＝1758.4（平方厘米）②冒顶的面积：3.14×（20÷2）2＝314（平方厘米）③需要用面料：1758.4＋314＝2072.4≈2080（平方厘米）课总后结本课时的教学，根据学生原有的圆柱表面积计算的知识，引入生活中的数学，让学生通过观察，展开讨论，在教师的引导下，自己找到解决问题的方法。并能感知数学与生活的关系，激发学生学习的兴趣。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆柱●第四课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容圆柱体积的计算方法时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念有效的数学学习活动不能单纯地依赖模仿和记忆，动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。教学目标1、通过用切割拼合的方法借助长方体的体积公式推导出圆柱的体积公式，能够运用公式正确地计算圆柱的体积。2、初步学会用转化的数学思想和方法，解决实际问题的能力渗透转化思想，培养学生的自主探索意识。教学准备圆柱体积公式推导教具或电脑课件教学流程一、旧知铺垫1．计算下列长方体的体积。15cm20cm8cm30cm5cm5cm2．长方体的体积公式是什么？二、导入新课教师：请大家想一想，在学习圆的面积时，我们是怎样把因变成已学过的图形再计算面积的?先让学生回忆，同桌的相互说说。然后指名学生说一说圆面积计算公式的推导过程：教师：怎样计算圆柱的体积呢?大家仔细想想看，能不能把圆柱转化成我们已经学过的图形来求出它的体积?让学生相互讨论，思考应怎样进行转化。教师：这节课我们就来研究如何将圆柱转化成我们已经学过的图形来求出它的体积。（板书课题：圆柱体的体积）1．圆柱体积计算公式的推导。（教学例5）（1）用将圆转化成长方形来求出圆的面积的方法来推导圆柱的体积。（沿着圆柱底面的扇形和圆柱的高把圆柱切开，可以得到大小相等的16块，把它们拼成一个近119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆柱●第四课时教学设计教学流程似长方体的立体图形——课件演示）（2）由于我们分的不够细，所以看起来还不太像长方体；如果分成的扇形越多，拼成的立体图形就越接近于长方体了。（课件演示将圆柱细分，拼成一个长方体）（3）通过观察，归纳公式。①拼成的长方体的体积与圆柱的体积有什么关系？②长方体的底面积与高与圆柱的底面积、高有什么关系？③长方体的体积等于什么？圆柱呢？学生通过讨论、交流，归纳出计算公式，教师板书。长方体的体积=底面积×高圆柱体的体积=底面积×高④如果用V表示圆柱的体积，S表示底面积，h表示高，那么圆柱的体积公式该怎样表示？（板书：V=Sh）2．练习：教材第20页的做一做3．课堂小结：本节课你学到了什么知识？计算圆柱体积需要哪几个条件？三、巩固练习：完成课本练习三第1题。四、布置作业板书设计圆柱的体积长方体的体积=底面积×高圆柱体的体积=底面积×高V=Sh课总后结本课时教学，让学生运用已有的知识，通过操作、讨论、交流，利用转化的思想，推导出圆柱的体积计算公式。并能运用公式进行解决有关的问题。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆柱●第五课时教学设计教学内容已知底面半径和高，求圆柱的体积时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念提供丰富的素材，让学生感受数学与现实生活的联系，能运用所学知识解决简单实际问题。教学目标使学生能灵活运用圆柱体积的计算公式，熟练利用圆柱的高和半径、直径或周长，计算圆柱的体积，并能解决有关的实际问题，培养应用意识。教学准备实物投影等教学流程一、旧知铺垫1．说一说圆柱体积计算公式，并描述公式的推导过程。2．计算下列各圆柱的体积。（1）底面积是1.2㎡，高5m。（2）底面积是48cm2，高20cm（3）底面积是25dm2，高0.2dm二、探索新知1.想一想：如果已知圆柱底面半径r和高h，能不能计算圆柱的体积？体积公式还可以怎样表示？学生回答，教师板书：V=∏r2.h2.教学例6.（1）出示例6，并让学生思考：要知道杯子能不能装下这袋牛奶，得先知道什么？（应先知道杯子的容积）（2）学生尝试完成例6。①杯子的底面积：3.14×（8÷2）2＝3.14×42＝3.14×16＝50.24（cm2）119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆柱●第五课时教学设计教学流程②杯子的容积：50．24×10＝502.4（cm3）＝502.4（ml）答：502.4大于498，所以这个杯子能装下这袋奶。3．尝试练习。（1）如果知道圆柱的底面周长和高，你能计算圆柱的体积吗？（2）练一练。一个圆柱形柱子，底面周长是25.12dm，高30dm，这个柱子的体积是多少？4．课堂小结。计算圆柱的体积需要几个条件？哪一个条件是不变的，哪一个条件是可以变化的？三、巩固练习完成课本练习三第2～5题。四、布置作业板书设计圆柱的体积例6①杯子的底面积：②杯子的容积：3.14×（8÷2）250．24×10＝3.14×42＝502.4（cm3）＝3.14×16＝502.4（ml）＝50.24（cm2）答：502.4大于498，所以这个杯子能装下这袋奶。课总后结本节课的教学，根据学生已有的知识，教师放手让学生进行自主探索、交流讨论，自己解决问题，教师适时指导，把学习的主动权还给学生，让学生加深理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆柱●第六课时教学设计教学内容圆柱的体积练习课时间分配讲授练习12分28分教学理念数学教学活动必须建立在学生的认知水平和已有的知识经验基础之上。激发学生的学习积极性，向学生提供从事数学活动的机会，让他们在自主探索和合作交流中真正理解和掌握基本的数学知识与技能、数学思想和方法，获得广泛的数学活动经验。教学目标1、使学生能够运用公式正确地计算圆柱的体积和容积。2、初步学会用转化的数学思想和方法，解决实际问题的能力渗透转化思想，培养学生的自主探索意识。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、基础练习1．说一说圆柱的体积计算公式。2．计算圆柱体积需要几个条件，可以是什么？已知条件问题s和hvr和hvd和hvc和hv3．算一算。（1）底面积是35cm2，高是10cm。（2）底面半径是5cm，高是6cm。（3）底面直径是80dm，高是15dm。（4）底面周长是25.12m，高是5m。二、解决实际问题1、练习三第7题。学生思考：要求粮囤所能装的玉米的重量，需先知道什么？然后独立完成。2、练习三第5题。（1）指导学生变换公式：因为V＝Sh，所以h＝V÷S。也可以列方程解答。（2）学生选择喜爱的方法解答这道题目。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆柱●第六课时教学设计教学流程3、练习三第8题。（1）学生读题后，指名说说对题意的理解：求减少的土方石就是求月亮门所占的空间，而月亮门所占的空间是一个底面直径为2米，高为0.25米的圆柱。（2）在充分理解题意后学生独立完成，集体订正。4、练习三第9、10题（1）学生独立审题，完成9、10两题。（2）评讲第9题：要怎样才能判断出800ml的果汁够倒三杯吗？必须先求出什么？怎么求？（需先求出圆柱形玻璃杯的容积，用公式V＝Sh）（3）指名说说解答第10题的思路：根据两个圆柱的底面积相等这一条件，先求出其中一个圆柱的底面积。利用这个底面积再求出另一个圆柱的体积。三、布置作业板书设计圆柱的体积练习课V=shh=v÷s课总后结本节课的教学，让学生运用前两节课学习的知识，让学生自己系统整理。把学习的主动权交给学生，让学生自主探索、合作交流，自己完成学习任务，学生学习兴趣很高，教学效果较好。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆柱●第七课时教学设计教学内容圆柱的表面积和体积时间分配讲授练习14分26分教学理念数学教学活动必须建立在学生的认知水平和已有的知识经验基础之上。激发学生的学习积极性，向学生提供从事数学活动的机会，让他们在自主探索和合作交流中真正理解和掌握基本的数学知识与技能、数学思想和方法，获得广泛的数学活动经验。教学目标使学生进一步熟练掌握求圆柱表面积和体积的方法，并能运用所学知识解决有关问题。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、基础练习1．说一说。（1）圆柱表面积的计算方法。（2）运用表面积知识解决实际问题时，要注意什么？（3）圆柱体积的计算方法（公式）。（4）计算圆柱体积需要什么已知条件？已知条件问题底面积高体积底面半径高底面直径高底面周长高2．算一算（1）一个圆柱侧面积是50.24平方厘米，底面积是12.56平方厘米，它的表面积是多少平方厘米？（2）一个圆柱体底面半径是10厘米，高20厘米，它的表面积是多少平方厘米？体积是多少立方厘米？3．选择题。（将正确的答案划掉）（1）一只铁皮水桶能装水多少升是求水桶的（侧面积、表面积、容积、体积）。（2）做一只圆柱体的油桶，至少要用多少铁皮，是求油桶的（侧面积、表面积、119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆柱●第七课时教学设计教学流程容积、体积）。（3）做一节圆柱形铁皮通风管，要用多少铁皮是求通风管的（侧面积、表面积、容积、体积）。（4）求一段圆柱形钢条有多少立方米，是求它的（侧面积、表面积、容积、体积）。二、综合练习1．判断题：对的打“√”，错的打“×”。（1）两个圆柱的侧面积相等，它们的体积一定相等。……（）（2）两个圆柱底面积和高分别相等，它们的体积也相等。…（）（3）圆柱底面积和高都扩大2倍，体积就扩大4倍。……（）（4）一个圆柱底面周长和高多扩大2倍，体积就扩大4倍……（）2．一个圆柱体积是94.2立方厘米，底面直径4厘米，它的高是多少厘米？3．一个圆柱形水池底面直径8米，池深3米，如果在水池的底面和四周涂上水泥，涂水泥的面积有多少平方米？水池修好后最多能盛水多少立方米？三、布置作业板书设计圆柱的表面积和体积圆柱表面积=侧面积+底面积×2圆柱的体积=底面积×高V=sh课总后结本节课的教学，根据学生已有的知识，教师放手让学生进行自主探索、交流讨论，自己解决问题，教师适时指导，把学习的主动权还给学生，让学生加深理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆锥●第一课时教学设计教学内容圆锥的认识时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念注重学生已有的生活经验，感受数学来源于生活，运用于生活。教学伊始，先出示情境图，让学生观察生活中的圆锥，并让学生举出成活中的圆锥，这样，让学生进一步认识圆锥。并通过测量的实践操作活动，使学生亲身感受“做数学”的过程。教学目标1、认识圆锥，圆锥的高和侧面，掌握圆锥的特征，会看圆锥的平面图，会正确测量圆锥的高。2、通过动手测量圆锥的高，培养学生的动手操作能力和一定的空间想象能力。教学准备圆锥形实物、圆锥形教具教学流程一、复习1、圆柱体积的计算公式是什么？2、圆柱的特征是什么？二、新课1、圆锥的认识（1）实物投影呈现课文情境图，让学生观察这些物体有什么特征。（2）让学生拿着圆锥模型观察和摆弄后，指定几名学生说出自己观察的结果，从而使学生认识到圆锥有一个曲面，一个顶点和一个面是圆的，等等。（3）圆锥有一个顶点，它的底面是一个圆、（在图上标出顶点，底面及其圆心O）（4）圆锥有一个曲面，圆锥的这个曲面叫做侧面。（在图上标出侧面）（5）让学生看着教具，指出：从圆锥的顶点到底面圆心的距离叫做高。（沿着曲面上的线都不是圆锥的高，由于圆锥只有一个顶点，所以圆锥只有一条高）2、小结圆锥的特征（可以启发学生总结），强调底面和高的特点，使学生弄清圆锥的特征是：底面是圆，侧面是一个曲面，有一个顶点和一条高．3、测量圆锥的高由于圆锥的高在它的内部，我们不能直接量出它的长度，这就需要借助一块平板来测量。（1）先把圆锥的底面放平；119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave（2）用一块平板水平地放在圆锥的顶点上面；人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆锥●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程（3）竖直地量出平板和底面之间的距离。4、教学圆锥侧面的展开图（1）学生猜想圆锥的侧面展开后会是什么图形呢？（2）实验来得出圆锥的侧面展开后是一个扇形。5、虚拟的圆锥（1）先让学生猜测：一个长方形通过旋转，可以形成一个圆柱。那么将三角形制片绕着一条直角边旋转，会形成什么形状？（2）通过操作，使学生发现转动出来的是圆锥，并从旋转的角度认识圆锥。三、课堂练习1、做第24页“做一做”的题目。让学生拿出课前准备好的模型纸样，先做成圆锥，然后让学生试着独立量出它的底面直径．教师行间巡视，对有困难的学生及时辅导。2、练习四的第1题。（1）让学生自由地观察，只要是接近于圆柱、圆锥的都可以指出。（2）让学生说说自己周围还有哪些物体是由圆柱、圆锥组成的。3．完成练习四的第2题。四、总结关于圆锥你知道了些什么？你能向同学介绍你手中的圆锥吗？板书设计圆锥的认识一个底面—是一个圆。圆锥高：从圆锥的顶点到底面圆心的距离。（只有一条）一个侧面（曲面）—展开是一个扇形。课总后结本课时教学，教师注重生活中的数学，让学生从生活中感悟圆锥，学生兴趣很高。在认识圆锥的特征时，让学生通过观察、动手实践，测量圆锥的高，从中获取知识。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆锥●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容圆锥体积的计算方法时间分配讲授练习18分22分教学理念创设生动有趣的生活情境，激励学生学习兴趣，给学生充足的时间和空间，说话语实践的机会，引导学生回顾和整理相应的探究过程和运算技能，让学生感知归纳、类比和总结的能力，并能用清楚、简洁的语言描述自己学习的过程。教学目标1．经历圆锥体积计算公式的推导过程，理解并掌握圆锥体积的计算公式，能正确地计算圆锥体积。2．能运用圆锥体积的计算方法，解决有关实际问题，增强学生的应用意识。3．进一步丰富对空间的认识，建立空间观念，发展学生的形象思维。教学准备等底等高的圆柱和圆锥体容器教学流程一、复习1、圆锥有什么特征？（使学生进一步熟悉圆锥的特征：底面、侧面、高和顶点）2、圆柱体积的计算公式是什么？指名学生回答，并板书公式：“圆柱的体积＝底面积×高”。二、新课1、教学圆锥体积的计算公式。（1）回忆圆柱体积计算公式的推导过程，使学生明确求圆柱的体积是通过切拼成长方体来求得的．（2）圆锥的体积该怎样求呢？能不能也通过已学过的图形来求呢？（指出：我们可以通过实验的方法，得到计算圆锥体积的公式）（3）拿出等底等高的圆柱和圆锥各一个，通过演示，使学生发现“这个圆锥和圆柱是等底等高的，下面我们通过实验，看看它们之间的体积有什么关系？”（4）先在圆锥里装满水，然后倒入圆柱。让学生注意观察，倒几次正好把圆柱装满？（教师让学生注意，记录几次，使学生清楚地看到倒3次正好把圆柱装满。）（5）这说明了什么？（这说明圆锥的体积是和它等底等高的圆柱的体积的）板书：圆锥的体积＝×圆柱的体积＝×底面积×高，字母公式：V＝Sh人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆锥●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程2、教学练习四第3题（1）这道题已知什么？求什么？已知圆锥的底面积和高应该怎样计算？（2）引导学生对照圆锥体积的计算公式代入数据，然后让学生自己进行计算，做完后集体订正。3、巩固练习：完成练习四第4题。4、教学例3．（1）出示例3已知近似于圆锥形的沙堆的底面直径和高，求这堆沙堆的的体积。（2）要求沙堆的体积需要已知哪些条件？（由于这堆沙堆近似圆锥形，所以可利用圆锥的体积公式来求，需先已知沙堆的底面积和高）（3）题目的条件中不知道圆锥的底面积，应该怎么办？（先算出沙堆的底面半径，再利用圆的面积公式算出麦堆的底面积，然后根据圆锥的体积公式求出沙堆的体积）（4）分析完后，指定两名学生板演，其余学生将计算步骤写在教科书第26页上．做完后集体订正。（注意学生最后得数的取舍方法是否正确）三、巩固练习完成练习四的第6～8题四、总结这节课学习了哪些内容？你是如何准确地记住圆锥的体积公式的？板书设计圆锥体积的计算方法圆柱的体积＝底面积×高圆锥的体积＝×圆柱的体积＝×底面积×高字母公式：V＝Sh课总后结本课时教学，在教师的知道下，让学生运用已有的知识，通过操作、讨论、交流，利用实验的方法，推导出圆锥的体积计算公式。并能运用公式进行解决有关的问题。把学习的主动权交给学生，很大程度激发了学生的学习兴趣。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●圆锥●第三课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容圆锥体积的计算时间分配讲授练习12分28分教学理念数学教学活动必须建立在学生的认知水平和已有的知识经验基础之上。激发学生的学习积极性，向学生提供从事数学活动的机会，让他们在自主探索和合作交流中真正理解和掌握基本的数学知识与技能、数学思想和方法，获得广泛的数学活动经验。教学目标1．通过练习，使学生进一步掌握圆锥体积的计算方法，能熟练运用圆锥体积知识解决有关实际问题。2．增强学生的应用意识。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、基本练习1.说一说圆柱、圆锥的体积关系。2.做一做。（1）一个圆柱底面积是12.56平方分米，高6分米，与它等底等高的圆锥体积是多少？（2）一个圆锥的底面周长是94.2米，高1米，圆锥的体积是多少？（3）一个圆锥的底面半径是4厘米，高是5厘米，和它等底等高的圆柱体积是多少？二、引导练习（1）一个圆锥形麦堆，底面周长9.42米，高1.2米，如果每立方米小麦中740千克，这堆小麦约重多少千克？引导提问：①这个麦堆是什么形状？②小麦的重量与什么有关？你想怎样解决问题？③你想怎样列式计算？（2）一个圆锥形铅锤，底面直径4厘米，高9厘米，每立方厘米钢中7.8千克，这块钢坯中多少千克？引导提问：①你见过圆锥形铅锤吗？什么样的？介绍一下。②你想怎样解决这一问题？119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程③请你列出算式解答。④解答过程中，你认为要注意哪些问题？（3）一个圆柱底面积是314平方厘米，高8厘米，一个圆锥和它体积相等，底面积也相等，这个圆锥的高是多少？引导提问：①求圆锥的高，要知道什么？②这里的圆锥的体积、底面积与圆柱有什么关系？③怎样求圆锥的高？④小结。当一个圆柱和一个圆锥体积相等，底面积相等时，圆锥的高是圆柱的3倍，圆柱高是圆锥高的。同样一个圆锥和一个圆柱，体积相等，高也相等，圆柱的底面积是圆锥的。三、布置作业板书设计圆锥体积的计算当一个圆柱和一个圆锥体积相等，底面积相等时，圆锥的高是圆柱的3倍，圆柱高是圆锥高的。同样一个圆锥和一个圆柱，体积相等，高也相等，圆柱的底面积是圆锥的。课总后结圆锥的体积计算公式并不复杂，但这个公式如何得来，公式中的又是怎么回事。因此，在教学中，我着力培养学生的探究意识和探究能力，让学生通过实验的手段，通过观察、操作、验证得出圆锥的体积计算公式，并引导学生运用公式进行有关计算。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●整理和复习●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容P29页第1－3题，完成练习五时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念数学教学活动必须建立在学生的认知水平和已有的知识经验基础之上。激发学生的学习积极性，向学生提供从事数学活动的机会，让他们在自主探索和合作交流中真正理解和掌握基本的数学知识与技能、数学思想和方法，获得广泛的数学活动经验。教学目标通过复习，使学生比较系统地掌握本单元所学的立体图形知识，认识圆柱、圆锥的特征和它们的体积之间的联系与区别，掌握圆柱表面积、体积，圆锥体积的计算公式，能正确计算。培养学生学生的空间观念，有条理地对所学知识进行整理归纳的能力。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、复习圆柱1、圆柱的特征（1）教师出示画有形状、大小以及摆放位置不同的几个圆柱的幻灯片．指名让学生回答：这些图形叫什么图形？（圆柱）有什么特点？（圆柱是立体图形，圆柱有上、下两个面叫做底面，它们是完全相同的两个圆．两个底面之间的距离叫做高．侧面是一个曲面．）（2）做第29页第1题：指出几个图形中哪些是圆柱。2、圆柱的侧面积和表面积（1）出示画有圆柱的表面展开图的投影片．先让学生观察，然后让学生回答：圆柱的侧面是指哪一部分？它是什么形状的？（长方形或正方形）圆柱的侧面积怎样计算？（底面的周长×高）为什么要这样计算？（因为：底面的周长＝长方形的长，高＝长方形的宽）（2）表面积是由哪几部分组成的？（圆柱的侧面积＋两个底面的面积）（3）第29页第2题中求圆柱表面积的部分。3、圆柱的体积（1）圆柱的体积怎样计算？（底面积×高）计算公式是怎样推导出来的？圆柱体的体积计算的字母公式是什么？（V＝Sh）（2）做第29页第2题中关于圆柱体积的部分。4、学生独立完成第29页第3题。（先思考“用多少布料”求什么？“装多少水”又是求什么？区分清所求的是圆柱的表面积或体积时再计算）二、复习圆锥人教版小学数学六年级下册●第二单元圆柱与圆锥●整理和复习●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程1．圆锥的特征（1）圆锥有哪几个部分？有什么特点？（是立体图形，有一个顶点，底面是一个圆，侧面是一个曲面。从圆锥的顶点到底面圆心的距离，叫做圆锥的高。）（2）做第91页第1题的下半题和第2题的第（3）小题．让学生将圆锥的特征自己用简单的词汇填写在表中．教师提醒学生：“举例”一栏要填写自己知道的形状是圆锥的实物．2．圆锥的体积．（1）怎样计算圆锥的体积？（用底面积×高，再除以3）计算圆锥体积的字母公式是什么？（V＝Sh）这个计算公式是怎样得到的？（通过实验得到的，圆锥体的体积等于和它等底等高的圆柱体体积的三分之一）（2）做第29页第2题中有关圆锥体积的部分。三、课堂练习1、做练习五的第1题。（学生独立判断，并画出高，小组讨论订正）2、做练习五的第2题。（1）学生审题后思考：求用多少彩纸是求圆柱的什么？（2）指名板演，其他学生独立完成于课堂练习本上。3、做练习五第5题。（可建议学生用方程解答）四、作业练习五的第3、4、6题。板书设计圆柱和圆锥的有关知识侧面积=底面周长×高圆柱的有关计算表面积=侧面积+底面积×2体积=底面积×高（V=sh）圆锥的体积=×底面积×高（V＝Sh）课总后结本节课的教学，根据学生已有的知识，教师放手让学生进行自主探索、交流讨论，自己解决问题，教师适时指导，把学习的主动权还给学生，让学生加深理解。学生学习热情很高，但是，有些学生计算能力低下，不能完成学习任务。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的意义和基本性质●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容比例的意义时间分配讲授练习12分28分教学理念数学课堂要面向学生的生活世界和社会实践，联系生活情境，激发学生参与。教学伊始，通过学生比较熟悉的国旗的不同数据，让学生通过计算、比较，从而引入比例的意义，激起学生学习的兴趣和求知欲。教学目标使学生理解比例的意义，能应用比例的意义判断两个比能否成比例。教学准备实物投影、教室里的国旗教学流程一、旧知铺垫1、什么是比？（1）一辆汽车5小时行驶300千米，写出路程与时间的比，并化简。（2）小明身高1.2米，小张身高1.4米，写出小明与小张身高的比。2、求下面各比的比值。12：16    ：   4.5：2.7    10：6二、探索新知1．教学例1。（1）实物投影呈现课文情境图。（不出现国旗长、宽数据）①说一说各幅图的情景。②图中有什么相同之处？（2）你知道这些国旗的长和宽是多少吗？① 出现各图中国旗的长、宽数据。② 测量教室里国旗的长、宽各是多少厘米。（3）（指教室里的国旗）这面国旗的长和宽的比值是多少？学生回答教师板书：60：40=（4）操场上的国旗的长和宽的比值是多少？与这面国旗有什么关系？①  学生回答长、宽比值。2．4：1.6=② 两面国旗的长和宽的比值相等。板书:2.4:1.6=60:40也可以写成=人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的意义和基本性质●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程(5)什么是比例?在这一基础上，教师可以明确告诉学生比例的意义，并板书：表示两个比相等的式子叫做比例。（6）找比例。师：在这四面国旗的尺寸中，你还能找出哪些比可以组成比例？过程要求：①  学生猜想另外两面国旗长、宽的比值。②  求出国旗长、宽的比值，并组成比例。③  汇报。2、完成课文“做一做”。第1题。（1）什么样的比可以组成比例？（2）把组成的比例写出来。（3）说一说你是怎么找的。（4）同学之间互相交流，检验各自所写的比例。第2题。（1）学生独立写比例，看谁写得多。（2）同学之间互相交流，说一说你是怎么写的，一共可以写多少个不同的比例。3．课堂小结。（1）什么叫做比例？（2）一个比例式可以改写成几个不同的比例式？三、巩固练习完成课文练习六第1～3题。四、布置作业板书设计比例的意义表示两个比相等的式子叫做比例①有两个比比例②比值一定相等课总后结本节课的教学，通过创设情境，运用学生身边比较熟悉的国旗的不同数据，让学生通过计算、讨论、交流，引入新课，从而感知数学来源于生活，从而激发学生的学习兴趣，整一节课，都是以学生为主体，教师为主导，充分发挥学生的主体意识。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的意义和基本性质●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容比例的基本性质时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念数学活动必须建立在学生已有知识与经验的基础上，倡导自主、合作、探究的学习方式，让学生参与活动，参与数学，使课堂充满生机，逐步形成探索数学问题的兴趣与欲望。教学目标1、使学生进一步理解比例的意义，懂得比例各部分名称。2、经历探索比例基本性质的过程，理解并掌握比例的基本性质。3、能运用比例的基本性质判断两个比能否组成比例。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、旧知铺垫1．什么叫做比例？2．应用比例的意义，判断下面的比能否组成比例。0.5:0.25和0.2:0.4      :和5:2:和:             0.2:和1:4二、探索新知1．比例各部分名称。（1）教师说明组成比例的四个数的名称。板书：组成比例的四个数，叫做比例的项。两端的两项叫做比例的外项，中间的两项叫做比例的内项。例如：2.4:1.6=60:40内项外项(2)学生认一认,说一说比例中的外项和内项。如：：=：﹕﹕﹕﹕外 内 内 外项 项 项 项2．比例的基本性质。你能发现比例的外项和内项有什么关系吗？人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的意义和基本性质●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程（1）学生独立探索其中的规律。（2）与同学交流你的发现。（3） 汇报你的发现，全班交流。板书：两个外项的积是2.4×40=96两个内项的积是1.6×60=96外项的积等于内项的积。（4）举例说明，检验发现。如果把比例改成分数形式呢？（等号两边的分子和分母分别交叉相乘,所得的积相等。）（5）归纳。在比例里，两外外项的积等于两个内项的积，这叫做比例的基本性质。3、填一填。（1）=（2）0.8:1.2=4:6（   ）×（   ）=（   ）×（    ）（   ）×（   ）=（   ）×（    ）（3）4×5=2×10（4）：（   ）=（   ）：（    ）=4、做一做。完成课文中的“做一做”。5、课堂小结：（1）说一说比例的基本性质。（2）你可以用什么方法来判断两个比能否组成比例？三、巩固练习完成课文练习六第4～6题。板书设计比例的基本性质2.4:1.6=60:40内项外项在比例里，两外外项的积等于两个内项的积，这叫做比例的基本性质。课总后结本节课，是一节充分体现以下是为主的课，教学中，我顺从学生的思维规律，鼓励他们大胆猜想，通过计算，最后确切得出“比例的基本性质”。这一过程，我尽量让学地放手给学生，让学生自主课堂，步步深入，而教师只在关键处起点拨作用。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的意义和基本性质●第三课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容解比例时间分配讲授练习12分28分教学理念提倡自主、合作、探究的学习方式，鼓励学生探索不同的方法，体现尊重学生的感受和理解、体现以学生为本的理念。教学目标1、使学生进一步掌握比例的基本性质，学会应用比例的基本性质解比例。2、能综合运用比例知识解决有关的实际问题，发展学生的实践能力。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、旧知铺垫1．什么叫做比例？2．什么叫做比例的基本性质？3．下面哪组中的两个比可以组成比例？你用什么方法检验？9:10和3.6:4     1000:0.2和10:0.002:和:       和4．填一填.(1)=1.6×(   )=(   )×(   )(2) 5:=2.4:1.65×(   )=(   )×(   )二、探索新知1.什么叫解比例?(1)比例中共有几个项?有什么关系?(2)如果已知比例中的任何三项,能不能求出这个比例中的另外一个未知项?(3)说明什么叫做解比例。板书：求比例中的未知项，叫做解比例。2．教学例2。（1）出示课文例题和情境图。（2）根据题意，描述两个相等的比。（3）指出其中的未知项，说一说你想怎样解答。（4）学生独立思考，解决问题。（5）汇报解答情况。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的意义和基本性质●第三课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程板书：解：设这座模型的高度为X米。X：320=1：10或者：=10X=320×1    （问：根据什么？）10X=320×1     （问：根据什么？）X=X=X=32X=32（6） 小结。说一说你是怎样解比例的，解比例的关键是什么？3、教学例3。解比例=过程要求：（1）学生独立练习，求出未知项。（2）同学之间互相交流，发现问题，及时解决。（3）请一位学生上台板演。解：1.5X=2.5×6X=X=104.做一做。完成课本做一做。5．课堂小结。（1）说一说解比例的方法。（2）你有什么不懂之处，与同学交流。三、巩固练习：完成课文练习六的第7～13题。四、布置作业板书设计解比例求比例中的未知项，叫做解比例。解：设这座模型的高度为X米。X：320=1：10或者：=10X=320×1    （问：根据什么？）10X=320×1     （问：根据什么？）X=X=X=32X=32课总后结解比例这一课，教学内容比较简单，让学生通过自学，完全可以自行理解本课的内容。针对本课的特点，教学中我放手给学生，让学生通过自学，理解什么叫做解比例？解比例的关键是什么？解比例的书写格式应注意什么？充分发挥教师的“导”。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●正比例和反比例的意义●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容成正比例的量时间分配讲授练习18分22分教学理念学生的数学学习内容应当是现实的、有意义的、富有挑战性的，这些内容要有利于学生主动地进行观察、实验、猜测、验证、推理和交流等数学活动。内容的呈现应采用不同的表达方式，以满足多样化的学习需求。教学目标1．使学生理解正比例的意义,会正确判断成正比例的量。2．使学生了解表示成正比例的量的图像特征，并能根据图像解决有关简单问题。教学准备实物投影教学流程一、揭示课题1．在现实生活中，我们常常遇到两种相关联的量的变化情况，其中一种量变化，另一种量也随着变化，你可以举出一些这样的例子吗？在教师的引导下，让学生举出一些简单的例子。2．这种变化的量有什么规律？存在什么关系呢？今天，我们首先来学习成正比例的量。板书：成正比例的量二、探索新知1．教学例1（1）出示例题情境图。问：你看到了什么？（2）出示表格。高度/㎝24681012体积/㎝350100150200250300底面积/㎝2问：你有什么发现？学生不难发现：杯子的底面积不变，是25㎝2。板书：教师：体积与高度的比值一定。（3）说明正比例的意义。①   在这一基础上，教师明确说明正比例的意义。板书出示：像这样，两种相关联的量，一种量变化，另一种子量也随着变化，如果这两种量中相对应的两个数的比值一定，这两种量就叫做成正比例的量，它们的关人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●正比例和反比例的意义●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程系叫做正比例关系。②  学生读一读，说一说你是怎么理解正比例关系的。要求学生把握三个要素：第一，两种相关联的量；第二，其中一个量增加，另一个量也增加；一个量减少，另一个量也减少。第三， 两个量的比值一定。（2）用字母表示。如果用字母X和Y表示两种相关联的量，用K表示它们的比值（一定），正比例关系可以用这样的式子表示：（一定）（3）想一想：生活中还有哪些成正比例的量？学生举例说明。2．教学例2。（1）出示表格（见书）；（2）依据下表中的数据描点。（见书）（3）从图中你发现了什么？（这些点都在同一条直线上。）（4）看图回答问题。①  如果杯中水的高度是7㎝，那么水的体积是多少？②  体积是225㎝3的水，杯里水面高度是多少？③  杯中水的高度是14㎝，那么水的体积是多少？描出这一对应的点是否在直线上？（5）你还能提出什么问题？有什么体会？3、做一做。4、课堂小结：说一说成正比例关系的量的变化特征。三、巩固练习：完成课文练习七第1～5题。板书设计成正比例的量像这样，两种相关联的量，一种量变化，另一种子量也随着变化，如果这两种量中相对应的两个数的比值一定，这两种量就叫做成正比例的量，它们的关系叫做正比例关系。（一定）课总后结本节课的教学，我注重从生活引入，让学生列举出生活中有变化的两种相关联的量，让学生感知数学来源于生活，知道生活离不开数学，从而激发学生学习的积极性。同时。在学习新课时，都是让学生通过观察、讨论、交流，自己发现问题。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●正比例和反比例的意义●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容成反比例的量时间分配讲授练习18分22分教学理念学生的数学学习内容应当是现实的、有意义的、富有挑战性的，这些内容要有利于学生主动地进行观察、实验、猜测、验证、推理和交流等数学活动。内容的呈现应采用不同的表达方式，以满足多样化的学习需求。教学目标1．经历探索两种相关联的量的变化情况过程，发现规律，理解反比例的意义。2．根据反比例的意义，正确判断两种量是否成反比例。教学准备实物投影教学流程一、导入新课1．让学生说一说成正比例的两种量的变化规律。2．举例说明。如：每袋大米质量相同，大米的袋数与总质量成正比例。让学生说出相关的理由3．揭示课题。今天，我们一起来学习反比例。两种量是什么样的关系时，这两种量成反比例呢？板书课题：成反比例的量二、探索新知1．教学例3。（1）出示课文例题情境图。问：从图中你看到了什么？①把相同体积的水倒入底面积不同的杯子。②杯里水的高度不相同。③杯子底面积小的，水的高度比较高，杯子底面积大的，水的高度比较低。（2）出示表格高度/㎝302015105底面积/㎝21015203060体积/㎝3请学生认真观察表中数据的变化情况。你有什么发现？让学生互相交流，说出有关变化情况。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●正比例和反比例的意义●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程教师板书配合说明这一规律：30×10=20×15=15×20=……=300（3）归纳反比例的意义：在这一基础上，教师明确说明反比例的意义，并板书。板书出示：像这样，两种相关联的量，一种量变化，另一种量也随着变化，如果这两种量中相对应的两个数的积一定，这两种量就叫做成反比例的量，它们的关系叫做反比例关系。（4）用字母表示。如果用字母X和Y表示两种相关联的量，用K表示它们的乘积（一定），反比例关系的式子可以怎么表示？学生探讨后得出结果。X×Y=K（一定）2．想一想：生活中还有哪些成反比例的量？在教师的引导下，学生举例说明。3．你还有什么疑问？如果学生提出表示反比例关系的图像有什么特征，教师应该引导学生观察课文“你知道吗”中的图像。4．课堂小结：说一说成反比例关系的量的变化特征。三、巩固练习完成课文练习七第6～11题。板书设计成反比例的量像这样，两种相关联的量，一种量变化，另一种量也随着变化，如果这两种量中相对应的两个数的积一定，这两种量就叫做成反比例的量，它们的关系叫做反比例关系。X×Y=K（一定）课总后结这节课的教学，教师放手让学生利用前一节课学习正比例的方法来进行自学，学生在教师的指导下，通过探讨、交流、观察，发现问题所在。把学习的主动权交给学生，学生学习兴趣很高。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●正比例和反比例的意义●第三课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容练习课（一）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念数学教学活动必须建立在学生的认知发展水平和已有的知识经验的基础之上。教师颖激发学生的学习积极性，向学生提供充分从事数学活动的机会，让他们在自主探索和合作交流中真正理解和掌握知识。教学目标1．使学生进一步理解反比例的意义，能正确判断两种量是否成反比例。2．使学生能正确判断两种量是否成比例，成什么比例，提高学生的分析能力。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、基础练习1．填一填，说一说。（1）每箱木瓜的个数一定，运来木瓜的箱数和木瓜总个数如下表。箱数/箱481632总个数/个3264①把表格填写完整，说一说你是怎么做的。②说一说箱数和总个数的变化情况。③这里哪一个量不变？④箱数和总个数成什么比例？（2）木瓜的总个数一定，每箱个数与所装的箱数情况如下表。每箱个数481020箱数5025①你能把表格填写完整吗？②说一说每箱个数和箱数的变化情况。③这里哪一个量一定？④每箱个数和箱数成什么比例？（3） 看一本书，每天看的页数和所看天数的情况如下表。每天看的页数48101620所看天数804032①把表格填写完整。②说一说你是怎么做的。③这里哪一个量一定，你是怎么知道的？④每天看的页数与所看天数有什么关系？说明理由。（4）征订《XX学习报》，征订的份数与应付的钱数如下表。征订份数/份5040302010应付的钱数/元15001200人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●正比例和反比例的意义●第三课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程①请你把表格补充完整。②征订的份数与应付的钱数成什么比例？说明理由。2．正、反比例意义。问：你是怎样判断两种量是否成正比例或反比例的？正反比例关系和反比例关系有什么不同？正比例：①两种相关联的量。②一种量增加，另一种量也相应增加；一种量减少，另一种量也相应减少。③两种量的比值一定。反比例：①两种相关联的量；②一种量增加，另一种量反而减少；一种量减少，另一种量反而增加；③两种量的乘积一定。二、综合练习判断下面各题中两种量是否成正比例或反比例。（1）每袋面粉的质量一定，面粉的总质量和袋数。（  ）（2）一个人的年龄和体重。（    ）（3）长方形的周长和宽。（    ）（4）长方形的长一定，面积与宽。（    ）（5）三角形的高一定，面积与底。（    ）（6）圆的面积与半径。（    ）三、布置作业板书设计正、反比例关系练习课（一）正反比例关系和反比例关系有什么不同？正比例：①两种相关联的量。②一种量增加，另一种量也相应增加；一种量减少，另一种量也相应减少。③两种量的比值一定。反比例：①两种相关联的量；②一种量增加，另一种量反而减少；一种量减少，另一种量反而增加；③两种量的乘积一定。课总后结本节课是一节练习课，在教学中，我利用学生已有的知识和经验，设计一系列的练习，由浅入深，层层深入。让学生自行练习，自己解决，加深理解，教学效果显著。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●正比例和反比例的意义●第四课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容练习课（二）时间分配讲授练习13分27分教学理念数学教学活动必须建立在学生的认知发展水平和已有的知识经验的基础之上。教师颖激发学生的学习积极性，向学生提供充分从事数学活动的机会，让他们在自主探索和合作交流中真正理解和掌握知识。教学目标通过比较，使学生进一步理解正比例和反比例的意义，弄清它们的联系和区别，掌握它们的变化规律，能够正确地判断正、反比例的关系，进一步发展学生的分析、比较、抽象、概括等能力。教学准备实物投影教学流程一、复习判断下面每题中的两种量是成正比例还是成反比例？1．速度一定，路程和时间。2．正方形的边长和它的面积。3．生产总时间一定，生产一个零件所用时间和零件总数。4．中国儿童报的订数和钱数。二、引导练习这节课我们要通过比较弄清成正、反比例的量有什么相同点和不同点。板书课题：正、反比例的比较出示表格。表一：路程/千米4080160200320时间/时12458表二：速度/每时行多少千米12090604030时间/时3469121．说一说。提问：从表1中，你怎样发现速度是一定的？根据什么判断路程和时间成正比例？从表2中，你怎样发现路程是一定的？根据什么判断速度和时间成反比例？人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●正比例和反比例的意义●第四课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程2.想一想：路程、速度和时间这三个量中每两个量之间有什么样的比例关系？师板书：速度×时间=路程师：当速度一定时，路程和时间成什么比例关系？当路程一定时，速度和时间成什么比例关系？当时间一定时，路程和速度成什么比例关系？3.比较正比例和反比例关系。通过前面的例子，比较正比例关系和反比例关系。你能写出它们的相同点和不同点吗？学生同桌或前后桌讨论，教师提问并板书如下：相同点：都有两种相关联的量，一种量变化，另一种量也随着变化。不同点：正比例：两种量中相对应的两个数的比值一定。关系式（一定）反比例：两种量中相对应的两个数的积一定。关系式X×Y=K（一定）4．小结；正比例和反比例有什么相同点和不同点？判断两种量是否成比例，成什么比例的，方法是什么？三、布置作业板书设计正、反比例的比较相同点：都有两种相关联的量，一种量变化，另一种量也随着变化。不同点：正比例：两种量中相对应的两个数的比值一定。关系式（一定）反比例：两种量中相对应的两个数的积一定。关系式X×Y=K（一定）课总后结本节课是一节练习课，在教学中，我利用学生已有的知识和经验，设计一系列的练习，由浅入深，层层深入。让学生自行练习，对正、反比例进行比较，找出两者之间的异同，加深理解，教学效果显著。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的应用●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容比例尺时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念有效的数学学习活动不能单纯地依赖模仿和记忆，动手实践、自主探索、合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。学生是数学学习的主人，教师是数学学习的组织者、引导者和合作者。教学目标1．使学生理解比例尺的含义，能正确说明比例尺所表示的具体意义。2．认识数值比例尺和线段比例尺，能将线段比例尺改成数值比例尺，将数值比例尺改成线段比例尺。3．理解比例尺的书写特征。教学准备实物投影教学流程一、揭示课题1．出示地图。（挂图）（1）学生观察地图，找到图中标注的比例尺。（2） 教师说明比例尺的作用。师：在绘制地图和其他平面图的时候，需要把实际距离按一定的比缩小（或扩大），再画在图纸上。这时，就要确定图上距离和相对应的实际距离的比。这个比就是我们要学习的内容——比例尺。2．板书课题：比例尺。二、探索新知1．什么叫做比例尺？师：一幅地图的图上距离和实际距离的比，叫做这幅图的比例尺。板书：图上距离:实际距离=比例尺或2．数值比例尺。（1）出示课文插图。（2）找到“比例尺1：100000000”。（3）认识数值比例尺。① 1：100000000是数值比例尺。② 1：100000000表示图上距离1厘米相当于实际距离100000000厘③ 因为1千米=1000米1米=100厘米所以1厘米：100000000厘米=1厘米：1000千米1：10000000也可以表示图上距离1厘米相当于实际距离1000千米。④1：100000000有时也写成分数形式。3．线段比例尺。（1）出示课文插图。（2）找到“比例尺050100150千米人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的应用●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程（3）认识线段比例尺。①说明：“比例尺0    50    100  150 千米 ”是线段比例尺。②“比例尺  050100150千米”表示图上距离1厘米相当于实际距离50千米。（4）改写成数值比例尺。（例1）①  你会把这个线段比例尺改成数值比例尺吗？②  学生尝试改写，并与同学交流，最后师生共同改写。板书：图上距离：实际距离=1㎝：5000000㎝=1：50000004．放大比例尺。在生产中，有时由于机器零件比较小，需要把实际距离扩大一定的倍数后，再画在图纸上。（1）出示课文中的“图纸”。（2）找到“比例尺2：1”。（3）比例尺2：1表示图上距离2厘米相应于实际距离1厘米。（4）这个比例尺与上面的比例尺有什么相同点和不同点。5．比例尺书写特征。（1）观察：比例尺1：100000000比例尺1：5000000比例尺2：1（2）看一看，比例尺书写形式有什么特征。为了计算方便，通常把比例尺写成前项或后项是1的比。三、巩固练习1．做一做。2．完成课文练习八第1～3题。板书设计比例尺一幅地图的图上距离和实际距离的比，叫做这幅图的比例尺。图上距离：实际距离=比例尺或数值比例尺比例尺线段比例尺放大比例尺课总后结本节课，我充分利用学生已有的生活经验，从学生熟悉的生活实例出发，潜移默化地建立起比例尺的意义。然后让学生根据比例尺的意义进行比例尺的计算，并通过观察，知道比例尺的种类，这样有序的教学，使学生由直观到抽象、有易到难，符合学生的认知规律。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的应用●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容解决问题时间分配讲授练习16分24分教学理念提倡自主、合作、探究的学习方式，鼓励学生探索不同的方法，体现尊重学生的感受和理解，体现以生为本的理念。教学目标1．使学生进一步理解比例尺的意义，掌握利用比例尺求图上距离和实际距离的方法。2．使学生能综合运用比例尺知识，解决有关问题，提高学生解决问题的能力。教学准备实物投影教学流程一、旧知铺垫1．什么叫做比例尺？板书：图上距离:实际距离=比例尺或2．说一说下列各比例尺表示的具体意义。（1）比例尺1：45000（2）比例尺80：1（3）比例尺二、探索新知1．教学例2。（1）出示课文例题及插图。（2）说一说从中你得到哪些信息。已知条件：①  1号线的图上长度是10㎝；②  条幅地图的比例尺1：500000。所求问题：1号线的实际长度是多少？（3）你认为可以用什么方法解决问题？①  学生尝试解决问题。②  教师巡视课堂，了解解答情况，并对个别学生进行指导，帮助他们找到解决问题的方法。③汇报解答情况。方程解：算术解：解：设地铁1号线的实际长度是X厘米。根据：人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的应用●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程10：X=1：500000（问：根据什么）得出：实际距离=图上距离÷比例尺X=10×500000（问：根据什么？）=10÷X=5000000=10×5000005000000㎝=50㎞=5000000（cm）答：略5000000cm=50km2．教学例3。答：略（1）出示例题，学生了解题目要求。（2）讨论：你想怎样画？通过讨论，使学生进一步理解在绘制平面图的时候，需要把实际距离按一定的比缩小，再画在图纸上。这时，就要确定；图上距离和相对应的实际距离的比。① 确定比例尺；② 求出图上的距离；③ 画出操场的平面图。（3）小组同学合作，解决问题。学生练习活动时，教师巡视课堂，了解学生解决问题的情况，记录存在的问题。（4）汇报，交流。① 小组派代表说明你的方案和结果。② 选择合适的方案，展示结果，并说明解决方案如：选择比例尺1：1000画图。图上的长=80×=0.08m0.08m=8㎝操场平面图60m图上的宽=60×=0.06m0.06m=6㎝ 三、巩固练习80m1．完成课文“做一做”2．完成课文练习八第4～10题。比例尺：1：1000四、布置作业板书设计解决问题解：设地铁1号线的实际长度是X厘米。根据：10：X=1：500000（问：根据什么）得出：实际距离=图上距离÷比例尺X=10×500000（问：根据什么？）=10÷X=5000000=10×5000005000000㎝=50㎞=5000000（cm）答：略5000000cm=50km课总后结本节课是利用比例尺的有关知识解决实际问题，在教学中，我把问题抛给学生，让学生运用已有知识和经验进行讨论、交流，找出解决问题的不同方法，体现解决问题的多样性。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的应用●第三课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容图形的放大与缩小时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念有效地组织学生动手操作，探索知识形成过程，发挥教师组织者、引导者与参与者的作用。教学目标1．结合具体情境，使学生理解图形按一定的比进行放大或缩小的原理。2．能按一定的比，将一些简单图形进行放大或缩小。教学准备实物投影教学流程一、揭示课题1．你见过下面这些现象吗？出示课文插图。问：这些现象中，哪些是把物体放大？哪些是把物体缩小？图1把物体缩小；图2、3、4把物体放大。2．今天，我们就一起来学习这一内容。板书课题：物体的放大与缩小。二、探索新知1．教学例4。（1）出示图形要求：按2：1画出这个图形放大后的图形。①“按2：1放大”是什么意思？先让学生说出自己的理解，然后教师说明。师：按2：1放大，也就是各边放大到原来的2倍。②说一说放大后图形的边长。原来的边长是3倍，放大后图形的边长是6倍。③  画一画。学生在方格纸上画一画，然后展示学生的作品。（3）出示图形。要求：按2：1画出这个图形放大后的图形。（4）出示图形。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的应用●第三课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程要求：按2：1画出这个图形放大后的图形。（5）讨论。放大后的图形与原来的图形相比，有什么相同的地方？有什么不同的地方？3．练一练。如果把放大后的三个图形的各边按1：3缩小，图形又发生了什么变化，画画看。（1）按1：3缩小是什么意思？通过交流，使学生明确按1：3缩小就是各边长度缩小到原来的。（2）学生尝试画一画。（3）实物投影展示学生的作品。（4）想一想。缩小后的图形与原来的图形相比，有什么相同的地方？有什么不同的地方？4．课堂小结。图形的各边按相同的比放大或缩小后，所得的图形与原来有什么相同的地方？有什么不同的地方？三、巩固练习1．完成“做一做”。2．完成课文练习九第1、2题。四、布置作业板书设计物体的放大与缩小展示学生的作品课总后结本节课是一节动手实践课，教学中，我利用学生已有的知识和经验，让学生自己动手画图，感悟知识、发现知识。在这个过程中，学生完全是学习的主人，而教师只是辅导性的导，本堂课学生的学习兴趣和学习自信都充分地得到了激发。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的应用●第四课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容用比例解决问题时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念使学生自主地参与探究和交流，加强综合运用知识解决问题和解决策略多样化的教学方式，提高学生数学思维能力和解决问题的能力，并在实际情境中体验和理解数学。教学目标使学生掌握运用比例解决问题的方法，能正确运用正、反比例知识解决有关问题，发展学生的应用意识和实践能力。教学准备实物投影教学流程一、旧知铺垫1、下面各题两种量成什么比例？（1）一辆汽车行驶速度一定，所行的路程和所用时间。（2）从甲地到乙地，行驶的速度和时间。（3）每块地砖的面积一定，所需地砖的块数和所铺面积。（4）书的总本数一定，每包的本数和包装的包数。2、根据题意用等式表示。（1）汽车2小时行驶140千米，照这样速度，3小时行驶210千米。 （2）汽车从甲地到乙地，每小时行70千米，4小时到达。如果每小时行56千米，要5小时到达。70×4=56×5二、探索新知1、教学例5（1）出示课文情境图，描述例题内容。板书：   8吨水                      10吨水 水费12.8元                水费？元（2）你想用什么方法解决问题？引导提问：A．题中哪两种量是变化的量？说说变化情况。B．题中哪一种量一定？哪两种量成什么比例？C．用关系式表示应该怎样写？=④  板书：解：设李奶奶家上个月的水费是X元 人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的应用●第四课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程=8X=12.8×10X=X=16      答：略(3)与算术解比较。①检验答案是否一样。②比较算理。算述解答时，关键看什么不变？板书：先算第吨水多少元？12．8÷8=1.6(元)每吨水价不变，再算10吨多少元。1．6×10=16（元）（4）即时练习。王大爷家上个月的水费是19.2元，他们家上个月用了多少吨水？2．教学例6。（1）出示课文情境图，了解题目条件和问题。（2）说一说题中哪一种量一定，哪两种量成什么比例。（3）用等式表示两种量的关系。每包本数×包数=每包本数×包数（4）设末知数为X，并求解。（5）如果要捆15包，每包多少本？3．完成课文“做一做”。4．课堂小结。三、巩固练习：完成练习九第3～5题。四、布置作业板书设计用比例解决问题=解：设李奶奶家上个月的水费是X元=8X=12.8×10X=X=16      答：略课总后结本节课是学生在学习正、反比例的基础上进行学习的，在教学中，根据学生原有的知识和经验，让学生展开讨论、交流，找出解决问题的关键，教师适时点拨、指导，引导学生投入到探索与交流的学习活动之中，让学生变被动为主动，参与到学习中来。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的应用●第五课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容练习课时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念在生动的数学活动的基础上，给学生充足的时间和空间，引导学生回顾整理相应的探索过程，提升学生对知识的掌握水平，培养学生归纳和总结的能力，能简洁的用数学语言表述自己整理知识的过程。教学目标使学生进一步熟练掌握正、反比例解决问题的方法，能正确地解决有关实际问题，提高学生的实践能力。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、基础练习1．判断下面各题中相关联的量成什么比例。（1）三角形面积一定，底和高。（2）水池的容积一定，水管每小时注水量和所用时间。（3）总面积一定，每块砖的面积和砖的块数。（4）在一定的时间里，加工每个零件所用时间和加工零件个数。2．说一说。（1）判断两种量成正比例还是成反比例的关键是什么？（2）用比例解决问题的步骤。二、综合练习1．用比例解决下面两个问题。（1）有一批纸，可以装订每本24矾的练习簿216本，如果要装订成每本18页的练习簿，可以装订几本？（2）装订一种练习簿，装订200本要用4800页纸，有12000页的纸可以装订多少本？过程要求：①  找出相关联的量，判断成什么比例。②  写出关系式。③  列式解答，指名两位学生板演。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●比例的应用●第五课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程3．引导比较。（1）说出题中数量关系，写关系式。每本页数×本数=总页数（2）说一说哪一种量一定，另外两种量成什么比例。（3）针对以上两题，说一说思维过程和解题步骤① 找出题中数量关系，判断哪一种量一定，另外两种量成什么比例。② 根据等量关系列比例式。③ 解比例。④ 检验。三、巩固练习完成课文练习九第6、7题。四、布置作业 板书设计比例的应用练习课列比例解决问题的步骤：① 找出题中数量关系，判断哪一种量一定，另外两种量成什么比例。② 根据等量关系列比例式。③ 解比例。④ 检验。课总后结本节课是一节练习课，教学内容都是学生比较熟悉的，学生通过自学完全可以理解本节课的内容。针对本节课的特点，教学中，我放手给学生，让学生通过讨论、比较，找出正、反比例的异同，从而加深理解。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●整理和复习●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容比和比例的意义、性质，正、反比例的意义时间分配讲授练习12分28分教学理念建立多种途径创设宽松、和谐的学习氛围，以人为本的思想指导下的教学评价，着力于学生接纳和认同的评价结果、着力于学生的内在情感、意志、态度的激发，促进学生的全面发展。教学目标1．使学生进一步理解比例的意义和性质，明确比和比例的联系与区别。2．使学生能正确地、熟练地解比例。3．使学生进一步理解、掌握正、反比例的意义，能正确进行判断。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、比、比例的意义1．什么是比？2．什么是比例？比例的基本性质是什么？3．比和比例有什么联系和区别？指名口答，出示表格填空。意义项数基本性质举例比比例二、解比例1．什么叫解比例？2．解比例是解方程吗？解方程也是解比例吗？为什么？3．解比例。完成课文“整理与复习”第2题。三、正、反比例的意义1．什么叫成正比例的量和正比例关系？2．什么叫成反比例的量和反比例关系？3．比较正、反比例的相同点和不同点。相同点不同点关系式正比例反比例人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●整理和复习●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程 4．你是如何判断两种量是否成正比例或反比例的？学生通过交流，概括出“一找、二想、三判断”。一找：哪两种上关联的量。二想：两种相关联的量的变化情况，写出关系式。三判断：联系关系式，看商一定还是积一定，判断成什么比例。5．完成课文“整理与复习”第3题。过程要求：按复习中概括“一找二想三判断”三步骤进行练习。（1）找出两种相关联的量。（2）说一说两种量的变化情况，写出关系式。（3）这里哪一种量一定，两种量成什么比例。四、巩固练习1．   判断下列关系式中，两种变化的量成不成比例？如果成比例，成什么比例？（1）被除数÷除数=商 （2）被除数÷除数=商一定（）一定（）（3）因数×因数=积（4）因数×因数=积（）一定一定（）2．完成课文练习十第1～3题。四、布置作业板书设计比和比例的意义、性质，正、反比例的意义如何判断两种量是否成正比例或反比例的“一找、二想、三判断”。一找：哪两种上关联的量。二想：两种相关联的量的变化情况，写出关系式。三判断：联系关系式，看商一定还是积一定，判断成什么比例。课总后结本节课是一节练习课，教学内容都是学生比较熟悉的，学生通过自学完全可以理解本节课的内容。针对本节课的特点，教学中，我放手给学生，让学生通过讨论、比较，找出比和比例的意义、性质，正反比例的意义，从而加深理解。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●整理和复习●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容练习课时间分配讲授练习12分28分教学理念创设生动有趣的学习情境，激励学生学习兴趣，给学生充足的时间和空间，说实话的机会，引导学生回顾和整理相应的探究过程，让学生归纳、类比和总结的能力。教学目标通过练习，使学生进一步理解正、反比例的意义，熟练掌握判断正、反比例关系的方法，进一步发展学生的分析、比较、抽象、概括能力。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、基础练习1．判断下面各题中两种相关联的量是否成比例，如果成比例，是成什么比例？（1）每公顷产量一定，播种的公顷数和总产量。（2）总产量一定，每公顷产量和播种的公顷数。（3）从A到B地，所用时间和行走的速度。（4）一个人的年龄和他的体重。2．判断下面一些相关联的量成什么比例。为什么？（1）除数一定， 和  成  比例。被除数一定，和成比例。（2）前项一定，和成比例。    后项一定，和成比例。3、判断下列关系中，两种量是否成比例？如成比例成什么比例？d×∏=C   X×8=Ya×h×=S（）一定（）一定（） 二、对比练习上面各题学生作出了判断，并说明理由后，师指出：比值一定，也就是商一定，成正比例。因为除法是乘法的逆运算，除法运算的结果商相当于乘法算式中的一个因数，即Y=KX，K一定。所以判断成正、反比例的方法，可以统一用乘法关系式来判断。把题目中的三种量列成乘法算式。如果一个因数一定，另一个因数和积成正比例，如果是积一定两个因数成反比例。1．利用乘法关系式判断：人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●整理和复习●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程（1）每本书的单价×本数=总价    速度×时间=路程           一定    （ ）比例  （ ）比例  一定（2）3X=Y  Y和X（  ）比例（3）Y和X（   ）比例2．引导学生总结判断规律：一列（列出乘法算式）、二找（找出定量）、三判断（积一定，则一个因数另一个因数成反比例，其他情况则成正比例）。三、深化练习1．利用判断规律，判断下面各题中的两种量成不成比例？如果成比例，成什么比例？为什么？（1）房屋面积一定，铺砖块数和每块砖的面积。（2）差一定，被减数和减数。（3）圆的半径和周长。2．从汽油的千克数，行的千米数和行1千米的耗油量这三种量中，分别说出谁一定时，谁和谁成什么比例？3．从每千克花生榨油千克数，花生的千克数和花生油的千克数这三种量中，分别说出谁一定时，谁和谁成什么比例？四、布置作业板书设计正反比例的判断判断规律：一、列（列出乘法算式）、二、找（找出定量）、三、判断（积一定，则一个因数另一个因数成反比例，其他情况则成正比例）。课总后结本堂课，是一节充分体现以学生为主的课。教学中从学生已有的知识和经验出发，没有束缚学生的思维，而是顺从学生的思维规律，鼓励学生大胆讨论、发言、交流，最后总结出正、反比例的判断方法。这样，整堂课的教学，学生的学习兴趣浓，积极性高，成就感足，理解和记忆也就自然较为深刻。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●整理和复习●第三课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容比例的应用时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念在教师的组织和引导下，让学生自主探索，鼓励学生独立思考，学会与他人合作与交流。教学目标通过复习，使学生能正确、熟练地运用正、反比例知识解决有关实际问题，增强学生的应用意识，提高学生的实践能力。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、复习比例尺1．什么是比例尺？板书：图上距离：实际距离=比例尺或2．说一说下面各比例尺的具体意义。（1）比例尺1：3000000（2）比例尺0255075km（3）比例尺20：13．你能把数值比例尺和线段比例进行改写吗？如：1：3000000改成线段比例尺。0255075km改成数值比例尺。3．填空。比例尺图上距离实际距离12㎝600㎞1：50000 1．2㎞1：6000000015㎝ 过程要求：（1）学生独立计算，求出各题结果。（2）汇报，填空。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●整理和复习●第三课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程（3）说一说你是怎么做的，计算过程中要注意什么？二、复习用比例解决问题1．说一说运用比例解决问题的步骤。通过回顾与交流，学生概括出解决答步骤。如：（1）找出相关联的两种量。（2）判断两种量成什么比例。（3）用等量关系表示数量关系。（4）解设，并解比例（5）检验。2．完成课文“整理与复习”第4题。三、巩固练习完成课文练习十第4、5题。四、布置作业板书设计比例的应用复习课找出相关联的两种量。判断两种量成什么比例。运用比例解决问题的步骤用等量关系表示数量关系。解设，并解比例检验。课总后结本节课的教学，我注重对练习题的设计，改变以往的以教师讲解、机械训练为主的学习方式，引导学生投入到探索和交流的学习活动之中，让学生变被动为主动，参与算理，解题方法的探讨中来。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●整理和复习●第四课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容深化练习时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念提供丰富的素材，让学生感受数学与现实生活的联系，能用所学知识解决简单的实际问题。教学目标通过正、反比例应用题的复习，使学生能正确、熟练地解答正、反比例应用题，提高解答应用题的能力。教学准备实物投影教学流程一、解题思路训练一辆汽车从甲地开往乙地，3小时行了150千米，用同样的速度行驶，1、“又行了120千米到达乙地。”根据以上条件判断哪两种量成什么比例？列出关系式。再出示，（1）如果X指又行的小时数，X应与谁对应？括号里应填什么数？（2）如果X指一共行的小时数，X应与谁对应？括号里填什么数？2、“一共行了5小时到达乙地。”（1）出示，问：如果这样列等式，X表示什么？（2），出示问这样列式，X表示什么？二、正、反比例应用练习1、用比例解答下列应用题。（1）工程队安装一条水管。计划每天安装90米，20天完成。实际只用了15天就完成了。实际每天安装多少米？（2）工程队安装一条水管。20天安装了90米，照这样计算，15天能安装多少米？全班练习，指名个别板演，后集体订正。题（1）因为每天工作量×工作时间=工作总量（一定）所以每天工作量和工作时间成反比例。解：设实际每天安装X米。        15X=90×20X=120答：略人教版小学数学六年级下册●第三单元比例●整理和复习●第四课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程  题（2）因为工作总量÷工作时间=每天工作量（一定）所以工作总量和工作时间成正比例。解：设15天能安装X米。     20X=90×15      X=67.5答：略2．小结对比上面的第（1）、（2）题。3．总结解答正、反比例应用题的解题思路和解题步骤。解题思路：正反比例应用题的解题思路是一样的。找出题中三种量，写出数量关系式，判断谁一定，谁变化。根据一定的量判断两种变化的量成什么比例或不成比例。解题步骤：（1）认真审题，分析数量关系，判断哪两种量成什么比例。（2）设未知数X，注明单位名称。（3）根据正、反比例的意义列出等式，并解答。（4）检验。（5）写答句。4． 上面的第（1）、（2）题还有其他解法式吗？生答师板书。（1）90×20÷15  （2）90÷20×15   90×  90÷板书设计正反比例对比深化练习（1）认真审题，分析数量关系，判断哪两种量成什么比例。（2）设未知数X，注明单位名称。解题步骤（3）根据正、反比例的意义列出等式，并解答。（4）检验。（5）写答句。课总后结本堂课的教学，我以学生的自主学习为主，放手给学生，鼓励学生大胆猜想，讨论，利用已有知识解决实际问题。在这个过程中，学生完全是学习的主人，而教师只是辅助性的导。因而学生的学习兴趣和学习自信都充分地得到了激发。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第四单元统计●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容扇形统计图(课文第68页的例1,练习十一相应的练习)时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念关注学生的个体差异，引导和鼓励学生，使不同的学生得到不同程度的发展。教学目标1． 使学生进一步掌握扇形统计图的特征和作用,能正确描述扇形统计图所反映的有关数据。2． 使学生能正确运用扇形统计图反映有关数据,提高处理数据的技能,发展学生的应用意识和实践能力。3． 初步形成评价与反思的意识。教学准备电脑课件教学流程一、旧知铺垫电脑课件呈现扇形统计图。        某校学生最喜欢的文艺节目情况统计图。 1．问：从图中你能了解到哪些信息?(1)喜欢同一首歌的人数占调查人数的45﹪。喜欢相声的人数占调查人数的18﹪；喜欢小品的人数占调查人数的25﹪；喜欢其他文艺节目的人数占调查人数的12﹪。(2)喜欢同一首歌的人数最多。  绝大部分同学都喜欢同一首歌，小品和相声；喜欢其他文艺节目的人数最少2．说一说这是什么统计图,它有什么特征?(1)扇形统计图。(2)特征：可以清楚地反映出各部分量占总量的百分之几。二、探索新知教学例1：电脑课件出示课文例题统计图。        下面是一幅彩电市场各部分品牌占有率的统计图。 (1) 从图中你了解到哪些信息? A牌彩电占市场销售量的20﹪；B牌彩电占市场销售量的15﹪ C牌彩电占市场销售量的10﹪；D牌彩电占市场销售量的8﹪其他品牌彩电占市场销售量的47﹪。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第四单元统计●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程(2) 有人认为A牌彩电最畅销,你同意他的观点吗?① 学生独立思考，分析题中的数量；② 小组交流,学生在小组中说一说自己的看法；③ 汇报交流结果。经过讨论、交流，使全体同学懂得:在“其他”里面还可能包含有比A牌更畅销的彩电。所以，从这个统计图不能判断出哪个品牌的彩电最畅销。(3) 建议上面这幅统计图提供的数据不清，无法全面地反映有关彩电市场各品牌占有率的情况，你有什么修改建议？① 通过交流，使学生懂得：“其他”所占有的份额应该是最小的部分，这样才能全面地反映各个数量占有率的情况，突出扇形统计图的特征和作用。② 建议：在进行数据整理时，“其”当中的一些品牌彩电所占份额单单独计算，在统计图中详细标出它的占有率。三、巩固练习完成课文练习十一第1题。(1) 说一说,你从图中得到哪些信息.；(2) 从图中你能判断出喜欢哪种文艺节目的人数最多吗?为什么?；(3) 你有什么修改建议?四、布置作业板书设计扇形统计图扇形统计图的特征：可以清楚地反映出各部分量占总量的百分之几。课总后结本节课的教学，利用学生已有的知识和经验，让学生通过仔细观察、讨论、交流，查找出统计图中缺陷和不足的部分，并让学生提出相关的意见和建议。突出扇形统计图的特征和作用。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第四单元统计●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容折线统计图时间分配讲授练习18分22分教学理念培养学生经历数据的收集、整理、描述和分析数量关系和变化规律，解决与生活经验密切联系的简单数学问题，培养学生实践能力和创新精神。教学目标1． 使学生进一步了角折线统计图的特征和作用，能根据统计图正确描述有关数据的变化情况，发展学生的统计观念。2． 初步形成评价与反思的意识。教学准备电脑课件教学流程一、旧知铺垫１．出示统计图。2003年北京地区新增“非典”病人数量统计图（4月26日～5月31日）2．回答问题。（1）这是什么统计图？（2）这种统计图有什么特征？（3）说一说这里病人数量的变化情况。二、探索新知教学例21．出示课文例题。2． 学生认真观察，分析图中的数量变化情况。（1）7月份到12月份的月薪逐月上升。（2）7月份：1000元；8月份：1100元；9月份：1170元10月份：1240元；11月份：1300元；12月份：1400元（3）8月份和12月份增加较大。（4）两幅统计图反映的员工月薪增长情况是一样的。3．初看这两幅统计图，你有什么感觉？为什么？初看时感觉左图中反映的月薪增加比较大。原因：左图纵轴上每格表示的数量比较小，折线向上的趋势不明显。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第四单元统计●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程右图纵轴上每格表示的数量比较大，折线向上的趋势不明显。4．你认为哪一幅统计图更能准确反映员工月薪变化情况？为什么？（1）学生汇报自己的看法。（2）说明理由。（左图每格表示50元，最高1格又表示100元，标准不统一）5．说一说你有什么体会。师生共同交流、讨论，使全体学生明白：在根据统计图进行比较，判断时要注意统一标准。三、巩固练习完成课本练习十一第2题。（1）初看这幅统计图，你感觉气温的变化剧烈吗？为什么？（2）月平均气温的实际差距有多大？（3）你会制作折线统计图吗？根据图中数据再绘制一个你认为较为合理反映气温变化的折线统计图。四、布置作业板书设计折线统计图在根据统计图进行比较，判断时要注意统一标准。课总后结本课时的教学，从学生已有的知识和经验出发，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线，让学生通过观察、讨论，发现问题所在。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第五单元数学广角●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容分配时间分配讲授练习18分22分教学理念创设生动有趣的生活情境，激励学生学习兴趣，给学生充足的时间与空间，说话与实践的机会，引导学生回顾和整理相应的探究过程和运算技能，让学生感知归纳、类比和总结的能力，并能用清楚、简洁的语言描述自己学习的过程。教学目标1．使学生经历将一些实际问题抽象为代数问题的过程，并能运用所学知识解决有关实际问题。2．能与他人交流思维过程和结果，并学会有条理地、清晰地阐述自己的观点。3．进一步体会到数学与日常生活密切相关。教学准备纸杯、小棒教学流程一、教学例11．组织活动。把4枝小棒放进3个纸杯中，可以怎么放？有几种情况？（1） 学生思考各种放法。（2） 与同学交流思维的过程和结果。（3） 汇报交流情况。学生口答说明，教师利用实物木棒或课件演示。第一种放法：第二种放法：第三种放法：            第四种放法：2． 提出问题。不管怎么放，总有一个纸杯里至少放进2枝小棒。为什么？经过简单交流，学生不难描述其中的原理：如果每个纸杯只放1枝小棒，最多放3枝，剩下1枝还要放进其中的一个纸杯，所以至少有2枝小棒放进同一个纸杯。3． 做一做。7只鸽子飞回5个鸽舍，至少有2只鸽子要飞进同一个鸽舍里。为什么？（1） 说出想法。如果每个鸽舍只飞进1只鸽子，最多飞回5只鸽子，剩下2只鸽子还要飞进其中的一个鸽舍或分别飞进其中的两个鸽舍。所以至少有2只鸽子飞进同一个鸽舍。（2） 尝试分析有几种情况。（3） 说一说你有什么体会。学生体会到，如果把各种情况都摆出来很复杂，也有一定的难度。如果找到数学方法来解决就方便了。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第五单元数学广角●第一课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程二、教学例2把5本书放进2个抽屉中，不管怎么放，总有一个抽屉至少放进几体书？1．摆一摆，有几种放法。不难得出，总有一个抽屉至少放进3本。2．说一说你的思维过程。如果每个抽屉放2本，放了4本书。剩下的1本还要放进其中一个抽屉，所以至少有1个抽屉放进3本书。3．如果一共有7本书会怎样呢？9本呢？（1） 学生独立思考，寻找结果。（2） 与同学交流思维过程和结果。（3） 汇报结果，全班交流。4．你能用算式表示以上过程吗？你有什么发现？5÷2=2……1           （至少放3本）7÷2=3……1           （至少放4本）9÷2=4……1           （至少放5本）说明：先平均分配，再把余数进行分配，得出的就是一个抽屉至少放进的本数。5.做一做8只鸽子飞回3个鸽舍，至少有3只鸽子要飞进同一个鸽舍里。为什么？想：每个鸽舍飞进2只鸽子，共飞进6只鸽子。剩下2只鸽子还要飞进其中的1个或2个鸽舍，所以，至少有3只鸽子要飞进同一个鸽舍里。三、巩固练习：完成课文练习十二第2、4题。板书设计分配第一种放法：第二种放法：第三种放法：第四种放法：课总后结本课时的教学，以学生熟悉的生活材料为素材，以学生为主体，训练为主线，让学生通过自主探索、动手实践、合作交流。探讨出“分配”的规律。学生兴趣很浓，课堂气氛活跃。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第五单元数学广角●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学内容抽取游戏时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念依据学生的心里特点和实际情况，关注不同学生的数学学习需要，创造性地使用教材和开发课程资源，为学生展示个性提供广阔的空间，为培养学生提供丰富多彩的学习素材，让学生感受开放性，弹性化的学习内容，通过观察、操作、类比和推理等数学活动，建立体验数学问题的探索性和趣味性。教学目标1．使学生能理解抽取问题中的一些基本原理，并能解决有关简单的问题。2．体会数学与日常生活的联系，了解数学的价值，增强应用数学的意识。教学准备盒子、大小相同的红球和蓝球各4个。教学流程一、 教学例3盒子里有同样大小的红球和蓝球各4个。要想摸出的球一定有2个同色的，最少要摸出几个球？1． 猜一猜。让学生想一想，猜一猜至少要摸出几个球。2． 实验活动。（1） 一次摸出2个球，有几种情况？ 结果：有可能摸出2个同色的球。（2） 一次摸3个球，有几种情况？ 结果：一定能摸出2个同色的球。3． 发现规律。启发：摸出球的个数与颜色种数有什么关系？学生不难发现：只要摸出的球比它们的颜色种数多1，就能保证有两个球同色。二、做一做第1题。（1） 独立思考，判断正误。（2） 同学交流，说明理由。人教版小学数学六年级下册●第五单元数学广角●第二课时教学设计119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave教学流程第2题。（1） 说一说至少取几个，你怎么知道呢？（2） 如果取4个，能保证取到两个颜色相同的球吗？为什么？三、巩固练习完成课文练习十二第1、3题。过程要求：1．根据题意，进行判断或说明理由。2．可以组织实验活动，通过活动验证自己的判断结果。四、布置作业板书设计抽取游戏红红红红红红蓝红红红蓝红红红蓝红蓝红红红蓝红红红有可能摸出2个同色的球。蓝红蓝红课总后结本课时的教学，是一节以操作为主的课。因而在教学中，我选用学生比较熟悉的素材，并让学生通过动手实践，讨论交流，从中获取知识，发现规律，提升学生对知识的掌握水平，培养学生归纳和总结的能力。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●实践活动：节约用水●教学设计教学内容节约用水时间分配讲授练习18分22分教学理念数学课堂要面向学生的生活世界和社会实践，学生的数学内容应当是现实的、有意义的、富有挑战性的，联系生活情境，引导参与，尊重学生，相信学生能行，强调学生身临其境去进行全方位的体验，感受数学与现实生活的联系，增强应用意识。教学目标1．通过学习活动，使学生了解一些我国水之源知识，感受水资源宝贵，增强节约用水的意识，促进节约用水。2．能运用所学的基础知识和基本技能解决一些有关的实际问题，增强学生的应用意识。教学准备1.调查周围是否有浪费水的现象；2在报纸或网站上查找有关节约用水的资料；3准备一些有关我国水资源知识的材料。教学流程一、揭示课题师：这节课活动的主题是节约用水。板书：节约用水二、组织活动1.你对我国水资源知识有了哪些了解？（1）学生交流，互相说明各自从报纸、网站上查找的有关水资源知识。（2）教材介绍。①我国水资源人均占有量只有2300m3，约为世界人均水平的，排在世界第121位，是世界上13个贫水国家之一。②在我国600多个城市中，有400多个城市缺水，其中110个城市严重缺水。③每年的3月22日是“世界水日”。2.调查周围是否有浪费水的现象？（1）学生介绍所收集到的资料。问：哪些地方有漏水现象？如：家里的水龙头；学校食堂里的水管；公园里的洗手处；道路上水管破裂。（2）利用收集到的有关数据，算一算。①算出每个水龙头1分钟漏水多少升？②平均每个水龙头一天漏水多少升？先计算，然后用统计图表示：问：照这样，一年漏掉多少升水？119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●实践活动：节约用水●教学设计教学流程（3）解决问题。①学校有几个水龙头漏水？（可以假设几个）②如果按照这比例计算，全国大约有30万所学校用自来水，全年大约要浪费多少吨水？③平均每吨水价为1.5元，一年要支付多少水费？④如果1个人1年用30吨水，这些浪费的水可供多少人用1年？3．如何做到节约用水？（1）说一说你所收集到节约用水的资料。（2）在实际生活中，你如何做到节约用水？三、课堂小结1．懂得这些知识后，你有什么感想？2．为节约用水，你能做到哪些事情？四、布置作业板书设计节约用水刷牙时不要让水龙头一直开着。如何做到节约用水洗衣服最后一遍水可用来拖地板。所有的水龙头都应用节水型的。课总后结本节课是一节综合实践课。在教学时，我先让学生进行调查、收集有关水资源的知识，然后在课堂上让学生对收集到的材料进行分析、讨论、交流，做到如何节约用水，让学生感知数学与生活的联系，从而激发学生学习的兴趣。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第一课时教学设计教学内容整数、小数、百分数的含义等。（课文第76、77页的有关内容，练习十三的相应练习）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念让学生重新经历“数”产生的过程。在具体生活情境中感受“数”的意义。教学目标1．使学生系统地掌握整数、分数、百分数的意义。2．使学生熟练地掌握十进制计数法和整数、小数数位顺序表，并能正确地熟练地读、写整数与小数，会比较熟的大小。3．能熟练地进行小数、分数与百分数的互化。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流1．复习数的意义。（1）你学过那些数？说一说它们在生活中的应用。①学生说出自己的认识和理解。如：整数、小数、分数、百分数、负数等等。②联系课文情境图，说明各种数的具体含义。（2）什么是整数？①学生说一说什么是整数，整数包括哪些数。②师生共同概括说明。③完成教科书第77页上部分“做一做”。2．数的读、写。（1）出示数位数序表。①填一填，读一读。②什么是数位？数位与位数相同吗？③什么是计数单位？相邻的计数单位之间的进率是多少？④完成教科书第77页下部分的“做一做”。（2）读法和写法。①读出下面各数。1060000000.00625.08A、读一读。B、说一说读数的方法、要点。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第一课时教学设计教学流程②写出下面各数。九千万三千二十亿五千零十八零点二零零八A、写一写。B、说一说你是怎么做的。（3）改写。①把540000改写成以“万”作单位的数。②把24940000000改写成以“亿”作单位的数。3．数的大小。（1）怎样比较两个数的大小？（2）完成练习十三第6题。4．分数、小数、百分数的互化。（1）填一填。小数分数百分数0.2512.5%（2）说一说你是怎么做的。二、巩固练习：完成教科书练习十三第1—5题。三、课堂小结本节课中你有什么收获？还有什么疑问，请和同学交流。四、布置作业板书设计数的认识（一）1．数的意义2．数的读、写。数的认识3．数的大小4．分数、小数、百分数的互化课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段有关数的意义进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆数的意义，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第二课时教学设计教学内容分数、小数基本性质，倍数和因数等。（课文第77页有关内容，练习十三相应的练习）时间分配讲授练习18分22分教学理念让学生重新经历“数”产生的过程。在具体生活情境中感受“数”的意义。培养学生用数来表达和交流信息的能力。教学目标1．使学生进一步理解和掌握分数、小数的基本性质。2．使学生进一步理解因数、倍数、质数、合数等意义，能熟练地找出两个数的公因数、公倍数等。3．熟练掌握2、3、5倍数的特征，并正确解决有关问题。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流1．分数的基本性质与小数的基本性质。（1）分数的基本性质。①分数的基本性质是什么？②填一填。③分数的大小不变，但什么变了？（2）小数的基本性质。①小数的基本性质是什么？②把下面的小数改写成两位小数。0.3002.54.3000③小数大小不变，但什么变了？（3）小数的基本性质与分数基本性质有什么关系？（4）小数点移动位置，小数的大小会发生什么变化？2．倍数和因数。（1）什么是倍数？什么是因数？举例说明。①4×5=20谁是谁的倍数？谁是谁的因数？②20的因数还有哪些？一共有多少个？③4的倍数还有哪些？一共有几个？④着重说明：最小最大个数因数1本身有限倍数本身∕无限（2）2、3、5倍数的特征。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第二课时教学设计教学流程①2的倍数特征是什么？举例说明。什么是偶数？什么是奇数？②5的倍数的特征是什么？举例说明。③3的倍数的特征是什么？举例说明。（3）什么是质数？什么是合数？①什么是质数？最小的质数是什么？②什么是合数？最小的合数是什么？③1是什么数？（4）公因数与公倍数。12的因数20的因数50以内6的倍数50以内8的倍数12和20的公因数50以内6和8的倍数（5）对于“倍数和因数”这一单元，你还知道哪些知识？还有什么疑问？二、巩固练习完成课文练习十三第7—9题。三、课堂小结1．说一说本节课你巩固了哪些知识。2．你还知道哪些关于数的知识？四、布置作业板书设计数的认识（二）分数的基本性质1.分数、小数的基本性质小数的基本性质数的认识什么是倍数？什么是因数？2、3、5倍数的特征2．倍数和因数什么是质数？什么是合数？公因数与公倍数。课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段有关分数、小数的基本性质、数的整除的有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第三课时教学设计教学内容四则运算的意义，运算方法等。（课文第80页的内容，练习十四相应的练习）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念增强应用意识，渗透数学建模思想，注重算法多样化与优化。降低运算复杂性、技巧性和熟练程度的要求。教学目标1．通过复习使学生进一步系统地理解掌握加、减、乘、除四则运算的意义和计算方法。从而培养学生概括能力与计算能力。2．能综合运用所学的知识和技能解决问题，发展应用意识。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流1．四则运算的意义。（1）创设情境，（出示六一儿童节的情境图）让学生结合情境图提问题。问：你能提出哪些用计算解决的问题？让学生提出问题，并说明解决方法。（2）结合算式说明每一种运算的含义：①什么叫加法？小数加法、分数加法的意义相同吗？②什么叫减法？小数减法、分数减法的意义相同吗？③整数乘法的意义是什么？小数、分数乘法的意义相同吗？④什么叫除法？小数除法、分数除法的意义相同吗？小结：2．四则运算的方法。（1）整数、小数加法、减法的的计算方法各是什么？（2）分数加法、减法的计算方法是什么？（3）它们有什么相同点？（4）整数、小数乘法的计算方法是什么？有什么相同之处，有什么不同之处？（5）说一说整数、小数除法的计算方法。（6）说一说分数乘法和除法的计算方法。3．在四则运算中，应注意一些特殊情况。a+0=()a×0=()0÷a=()a-0=()a×1=()a÷a=()a-a=()a÷1=()1÷a=()119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第三课时教学设计教学流程注意：当a作除数时不能为0.在以上交流基础上，让学生进行归纳。教师出示相应表格，让学生进行填写。4．四则运算的关系。四则运算的关系可概如下：（以提问方式完成下面关系网）和－一个加数＝另一个加数被减数－差＝减数减数+差＝被减数加法减法互为逆运算求相同数求相同减和的简便数个数的运算简便运算互为逆运算乘法除法积÷一个因数＝另一个因数商×除数＝被除数被除数÷商＝除数小结：二、巩固练习1．完成教材“做一做”；2．完成课文练习十四第1、2题。三、课堂小结1．说一说加、减、乘、除运算的意义。2．说一说四则运算的注意点。四、布置作业。板书设计数的运算（一）1．四则运算的意义。2．四则运算的方法。数的运算3．在四则运算中，应注意一些特殊情况。4．四则运算的关系。课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段四则运算的意义和四则运算的方法等有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第四课时教学设计教学内容四则混合运算，简便运算。（课文第81页的例题，“做一做”，练习十四相应练习）时间分配讲授练习13分27分教学理念增强应用意识，渗透数学建模思想，注重算法多样化与优化。降低运算复杂性、技巧性和熟练程度的要求。教学目标1．通过复习使学生熟练地掌握四则运算定律和性质，并能根据题目灵活运用这些知识使计算简便。2．使学生能正确地掌握整数、小数、分数四则混合运算顺序，并能熟练地进行计算。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流1．运算定律。问：我们学过哪些运算定律？（1）学生回顾曾经学过的运算性质，并与同学交流。（2）根据表格，填一填。名称举例用字母表示加法交换律加法结合律乘法家换律乘法结合律乘法分配了（3）算一算。计算下面各题。①2.5×12.5×4×8②4×＋4×③（21－）×④5.03－2.14－1.862．混合运算。（1）说一说整数四则混合运算顺序。计算：（710－18×4）÷2119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第四课时教学设计教学流程（2）分数、小数四则混合运算顺序与整数一样吗？算一算：×〔－（－）〕二、巩固练习1．过程要求：（1）学生独立计算，教师巡视检查。（2）请两位选手上台板演。（3）师生共同评价。2．完成课文练习十四第3～7题。第3、4题。（1）学生独立完成，教师巡视课堂，了解情况，记录存在的问题。（2）提问：说一说你是怎么算的。（3）针对发现的问题，进行评讲。第5题。（1）说一说你的思路。（2）列式解决问题。第6、7题。（1）学生根据题意列出算式。（2）说一说算式每一步的意义。三、课堂小结1．说一说四则混合运算的顺序。2．你对简便运算有什么体会？四、布置作业板书设计数的运算（二）加法交换律加法结合律运算定律乘法交换律数的运算乘法结合律混合运算乘法分配率课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段运算定律和四则混合运算的计算顺序等有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第五课时教学设计教学内容四则混合运算及文字题时间分配讲授练习14分26分教学理念增强应用意识，渗透数学建模思想，注重算法多样化与优化。降低运算复杂性、技巧性和熟练程度的要求。教学目标1．通过综合复习时学生能牢固地掌握四则混合运算的顺序，能选择合理、灵活的计算方法。2．能理解四则运算中的数学术语，列综合算式解答文字题；进一步提高计算能力。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、选择合理的算法进行四则混合运算1．四则混合运算的顺序是怎样的？在一个没有括号的算式里，如果只含有铜一级运算，要从左往右依次计算；如果含有两级运算，要先做第二级运算，后做第一级运算。在一个有括号的算式里，要先算小括号里的，在算中括号里面的。2．练习。（让学生先练习并讲出算法，然后讲评）（1）（－）÷（×42）（2）÷〔（＋）×〕在没有括号的算式里，应该先算小括号里的数，后算中括号的。二、文字题的列式计算1．例：用去除3与2.25的差，所得的商再减去0.9，结果是多少？（先让学生列综合算式，然后讲解）（1）这里的“结果”是表示什么？（2）什么数与什么数的差？（3）那么商是多少？怎么算？（4）在教师引导下列出综合算式：（3－2.25）÷－0.9=0.75÷－0.9=1－0.9=0.1119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第五课时教学设计教学流程0.75除以，虽然是小数与分数混合运算，但是像这样情况还是要让学生掌握，以提高他们的运算能力。2．练习。（1）25.16除以3.7的商，减去乘20的积，结果是多少？25.16÷3.7－×20问：这里“的商”“的积”为什么可以不添上括号？（2）174.8减去74.7，所得的差除以0.91，得出的商再减去100.95，结果是多少？（174.8－74.7）÷0.91－100.95问:这里“的差”为什么要添上括号？从上面练习中可以看出，在文字题中数学术语的理解非常重要，特别是在除法中有几种不同的表达方式要着重掌握。例如：a÷b可以读着：（1）a除以b（2）b除a（3）a被b除（4）b去除a可以看出：“a被b除”与“a除以b”是一样的；“b去除a”与“b除a”是一样的。3．总结：四则混合运算要认真审题，观察题目里的运算符号决定运算顺序，选择合理的简捷算法。对于文字题列综合算式，审题时要注意最后一步球的是什么？在列式是如果要改变运算顺序，就要合理地使用括号，以及注意题目中的叙述，如“除”与“除以”等。三、布置作业板书设计四则混合运算及文字题四则混合运算的顺序:在一个没有括号的算式里，如果只含有铜一级运算，要从左往右依次计算；如果含有两级运算，要先做第二级运算，后做第一级运算。在一个有括号的算式里，要先算小括号里的，在算中括号里面的。课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段四则混合运算及文字题等有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第六课时教学设计教学内容运用分数乘、除法计算解决问题。（课文第82页的例题、做一做，练习十四中有关练习）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念教学活动必须建立在学生认识发展水平和已有的知识经验的基础上，注重解决问题策略意识的培养，提升思维品质，体现学生学习过程是在教师的引导下自我建构，自我生成的过程。教学目标1．使学生进一步理解、掌握运用分数乘、除法知识解决有关问题，发展应用意识。2．形成解决问题的一些策略、方法，提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。3．形成评价与反思的意识。4．对不懂的地方或不同的观点提出疑问的意识，并愿意对数学问题进行讨论。教学准备习题卡、电脑课件教学流程一、基础练习1．算一算。出示算式：20×100×450××12×（1＋）540×（1－）630×（1＋）过程要求：（1）利用计算卡片逐一出示算式。（2）学生口算，直接输出计算结果。（3）选择部分算式，说一说计算的过程、方法。2．列式计算。（1）200的是多少？（2）200减少后是多少？（3）甲数是500，乙数是甲数的，乙数是多少？（4）甲数是500，乙数比甲数多，乙数是多少？（5）甲数是500，乙数比甲数多，乙数比甲数多多少？过程要求：（1）利用电脑课件逐一出示以上题目。（2）认真读题，说一说题中分率表示的意义。（3）求一个数的几分之几是多少，用什么方法计算？（4）列式计算。二、知识梳理119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第六课时教学设计教学流程1．说一说解决问题时，有哪些主要步骤。（1）认真读题，理解题意；（2）分析题目中的数量关系；（3）判断解决问题的方法，列出算式；（4）计算；（5）验算。2．说一说分析数量关系的方法。3．举例说明。（1）出示例题。六年级举行“小发明”比赛，六（1）班同学上交32件作品，六（2）班比六（1）班多交。六（2）班交了多少件作品？（2）解决问题。①认真读题，弄清题意。②分析数量关系。a．这里的表示什么？b．画线段图表示。c．六（2）班作品是六（1）班的几分之几？d．求六（2）交了多少件作品，实际是求什么？e．求一个数的几分之几是多少，用什么方法？请列出算式，并计算结果。③引导学生还可以怎样分析。三、课堂练习：完成课本“做一做”、练习十四第6、7题。四、布置作业板书设计解决问题（1）认真读题，理解题意。（2）分析题目中的数量关系。解决问题的步骤（3）判断解决问题的方法，列出算式。（4）计算。（5）验算。课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段用分数乘、除法计算解决问题有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第七课时教学设计教学内容用字母表示数，解方程等。（课文第84、85页的例题，“做一做”，练习十五）时间分配讲授练习16分24分教学理念学生的学习过程应当是自我构建、自我生成的过程。、动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。注重方法多样化，着眼于“开放”和“创新”。教学目标1．通过复习使学生进一步理解用字母表示数的意义和发，能用字母表示常见的数量关系，运用定律，几何形体的周长、面积、体积等公式。2．能根据字母所取的数值，算出含有字母的式子的值。3．理解方程的含义，会较熟练地解简易方程，能通过列方程和解方程解决一些实际问题。教学准备习题卡、电脑课件教学流程一、回顾与交流1．用字母表示数。（1）请同学说一说用字母表示数的作用和意义。（2）教师说明。（3）说一说你会用字母表示是什么？①说一说，在含有字母的式子里，书写数字与字母、字母相乘时，应注意什么？②你还知道哪些用字母表示的数量或计算公式。A．用字母表示运算定律。B．用字母表示公式。（4）做一做。完成课本“做一做”。（学生独立思考，并连线，教师巡视。）2．简易方程。（1）什么叫做方程？（2）什么叫做解方程？什么叫做方程的解？（3）解方程。X－6.2＝4.83.用方程解决问题。（1）出示例题学校组织远足活动。原计划每小时行走3.8㎞，3小时到达目的地。实际2.5小时走完了原定路程，平均每小时走了多少千米？（2）结合例题说一说用列方程的方法解决问题的步骤。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第七课时教学设计教学流程①认真审题，找出等量关系。②设未知数为X。（用字母表示未知数）③列方程。④解方程。⑤检验。（3）学生列方程解决问题。（4）全班反馈、交流。（5）完成课本“做一做”二、巩固练习完成课本练习十五的第1～5题。三、课堂小结1．什么是方程？在解方程中你用到了哪些知识？2．用方程解决问题有哪几个步骤？四、布置作业板书设计式与方程①认真审题，找出等量关系。未知数②设未知数为X。方程的两个要求列方程解决问题的方法③列方程。等式④解方程。⑤检验。课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段式与方程等有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第八课时教学设计教学内容长度、面积、体积单位，时间单位等。（课本第87页内容，练习十六）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念数学课程要面向学生的生活世界。数学教学活动要从学生的已有知识和已有经验出发。提倡自主、合作、探究的学习方式，使数学学习成为一个讨论交流、合作探究的过程。教学目标1．通过复习使学生能熟练掌握长度单位、面积、体积的计量单位，质量单位，时间单位等。能正确使用学过的计量单位解决实际问题。2．熟练掌握有关计量单位之间的进率关系，并能正确进行单位换算。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、常见的量与计量单位宣布课题：常见的量问：我们学过哪些量？它们各有哪些计量单位？让学生通过讨论、交流、分类整理如下：1．长度、面积、体积单位。（1）板书：长度单位毫米厘米分米米（㎜）（㎝）（dm）（m）面积单位平方毫米平方厘米平方分米平方米（㎜2）（㎝2）（dm2）（m2）体积单位立方毫米立方厘米立方分米立方米（㎜3）（㎝3）（dm3）（m3）容积单位毫升升（mL）（L）（2）说一说。①什么是长度？什么是面积？什么是体积？②1厘米有多长？1分米有多长？1米呢？③1平方厘米有多大？1平方分米有多大？1平方米呢？④1立方厘米有多大？1立方分米有多大？1立方米呢？要求：学生用手比划或举例说明。（3）单位之间的进率是多少？有什么联系？119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第八课时教学设计教学流程（4）你还知道哪些长度、面积或体积单位？①学生回顾曾经学过的有关单位。②与同学交流，说一说你对这些计量单位的理解。2．质量单位（1）常见单位：克（g）千克（kg）吨（2）进率。（3）估一估。3．时间单位。（1）常见单位：年、月、日、时、分、秒。（2）进率。（3）说一说。4．人民币单位。（1）人民币单位：元、角、分（2）进率。二、单位换算1．说一说。（1）如何把高级单位的名数改写成低级单位名数？（2）如何把低级单位的名数改写成高级单位名数？2．出示相关练习，让学生练一练。三、巩固练习完成课本练习十六第1～4题。四、布置作业板书设计常见的量长度单位毫米厘米分米米（㎜）（㎝）（dm）（m）面积单位平方毫米平方厘米平方分米平方米（㎜2）（㎝2）（dm2）（m2）体积单位立方毫米立方厘米立方分米立方米（㎜3）（㎝3）（dm3）（m3）容积单位毫升升（mL）（L）课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段常见的量与单位换算等有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第九课时教学设计教学内容比和比例的意义与性质，求比值和化简比，比例尺。（课本第89页有关内容，练习十七中相应的练习）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念提倡自主、合作、探究的学习方式，使数学学习成为一个讨论交流、合作探究的过程。学生是数学学习的主人，教师是数学学习的组织者和引导者。教学目标1．通过复习时学生进一步理解比和比例的意义与基本性质，能够正确、迅速地求出比值和化简比。2．进一步理解掌握比和分数、除法的关系。能够应用比的意义求出平面图的比例尺，并根据比例尺求图上举例和实际距离。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流1．比和比例的意义和性质。（出示表格，通过提问进行填空。）比比例意义各部分名称基本性质引导提问：（1）什么叫比？举例说明。各部分名称是什么？（2）什么叫做比的基本性质？举例说明？（3）什么叫做比例？举例说明。各部分名称是什么？（4）什么叫做比例的基本性质？举例说明？2．比和分数、除法的关系。（1）比和分数有什么关系？（2）比和除法有什么关系？（3）出示表格。根据学生回答，适时填空。比、分数与出发的关系比前项比号后项比值分数除法（4）举例。5：6＝＝（）÷（）3．比、比例的基本性质的用处。（1）比的基本性质有什么用处？（出示化简比的有关练习题）化简比与求比值有什么不同之处？119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第九课时教学设计教学流程一般方法结果求比值化简比（2）比例的基本性质有什么用处？解比例：：X＝：24．比例尺（1）什么叫比例尺？板书：＝比例尺（2）说出下面个比例尺的具体意义。①比例尺1：3000000表示。②比例尺20：1表示。③比例尺0306090㎞表示。（3）求比例尺一条绿化带长350米，在平面图上用7厘米的线段表示。这幅图纸的比例尺是多少？（4）求实际距离。在比例尺是的地图上，量得A地道B地的实际距离是5厘米。求AB两地的实际距离。二、巩固练习1．求图上距离。甲乙两地相距200千米，在比例尺是的地图上，甲乙两地用多少厘米表示？2．完成课本练习十七第1、2题。三、布置作业板书设计比和比例（一）1．比和比例的意义与性质。2．比和分数、除法的关系。比和比例（一）3．比、比例的基本性质的用途。4．比例尺。5．比例尺的应用。课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段比和比例的有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第十课时教学设计教学内容正反比例的意义，用比例解决问题。（课文第89页的内容，练习十七相应练习）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念教学活动必须建立在学生认识发展水平和已有的知识经验的基础上，注重解决问题策略意识的培养，提升思维品质，体现学生学习过程是在教师的引导下自我建构，自我生成的过程。教学目标1．使学生进一步理解正、反比例的意义，能正确判断两种量是否成正比例或反比例。2．使学生能熟练地运用比例来解决有关问题。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流1．正、反比例的意义。（1）你是怎样判断两种量成正比例还是反比例的？（要求学生回答）（2）你能用字母表示正、反比例的关系吗？板书：＝K（一定）…………正比例＝K（一定）…………反比例（3）举例说明（4）判断下列各题中两种量是否成比例，成什么比例。①速度一定，路程和时间。②正方形的边长和它的面积。③订《少年报》数量和所需钱数。④小明从家到学校，行走的速度和时间。⑤圆的周长和半径。⑥圆的面积和半径。2．用比例解决问题。（1）说一说用比例解决问题的步骤。①学生回顾用比例解决问题的过程、步骤。②师生共同概括。A．认真审题，找出两种相关联的量；119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第十课时教学设计教学流程B．判断两种量成时难免比例；C．设未知数X；D．列出比例式（含有未知数）；E．解比例；F．检验。（2）举例。修一条公路，全长12千米，开工3天修1.5千米。照这样计算，修完这条公路一共需要多少天？二、巩固练习完成课本练习十七第3～5题。三、课堂小结1．在比和比例中，你学到了哪些知识？还有什么疑问？2．用比例解决问题，一般有几个步骤？四、布置作业板书设计比和比例（二）A．认真审题，找出两种相关联的量；B．判断两种量成时难免比例；用比例解决问题的过程、步骤C．设未知数X；D．列出比例式（含有未知数）；E．解比例、检验。课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段正、反比例的意义及用比例知识解决问题的有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第十一课时教学设计教学内容搭配问题（课本第91、92页的例题，练习十八中相应的练习题）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念数学课堂要面向学生的生活世界和社会实践，学生的数学内容应当是现实的、有意义的、富有挑战性的，联系生活情境，引导参与，尊重学生，相信学生能行，强调学生身临其境去进行全方位的体验，感受数学与现实生活的联系，增强应用意识。教学目标1．使学生学会用数学方法解决问题，形成一些基本策略，发展实践能力与创新精神。2．进一步体验数学活动充满着探索与创造。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流。1．教学例5。6个点可以连多少条线段？（1）学生根据题意，画出连线。......问：这样的连线方便吗？（2）探索解决问题的方法。①教师引导学生探索点的个数与连线的关系。②小组交流。③汇报思维的过程与结果。教师整理后板书。点数..............增加条数234总条数13610119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第十一课时教学设计教学流程3个点连成线段的条数：1＋2＝3（条）4个点连成线段的条数：1＋2＋3＝6（条）5个点连成线段的条数：1＋2＋3＋4＝10（条）6个点连成线段的条数：1＋2＋3＋4＋5＝15（条）④你有什么发现？⑤根据规律，你知道8个点、12个点、20个点能连成多少条线段？2．教学例6学校为艺术节选送节目，要从3个合唱节目中选出2个，2个舞蹈节目中选出1个。一共有多少种选送方案？（1）说一说你的思路。（2）小组合作，画出示意图说明各种选法。（3）汇报，师生共同完成。二、巩固练习完成练习是吧第1～4题。三、课堂小结通过找规律、解决问题的练习活动，你有什么体会？四、布置作业板书设计数学思考（一）点数..............增加条数234总条数13610课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段探究规律有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第十二课时教学设计教学内容用列表的方法解决问题。（课文第93页例7，练习十八的第5～8题）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念创设生动有趣的生活情境，激励学生学习兴趣，给学生充足的时间与空间，说话与实践的机会，引导学生回顾和整理相应的探究过程和运算技能，让学生感知归纳、类比和总结的能力，并能用清楚、简洁的语言描述自己学习的过程。教学目标1．使学生学会用列表的方法解决有关问题，提高学生分析能力和解决问题的能力。2．形成一些解决问题的策略，发展学生的实践能力。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流教学例6.六年级有三个班，每班有2个班长。开班长会时，每次每班只要一个班长参加。第一次到会的有A、B、C；第二次有B、D、E；第三次有A、E、F。请问哪两位班长是同班的？1．通过读题你能判断出哪两位班长是同班的？2．可以用什么方法把题意给整理、表示出来？教师引导学生用列表的方法把题意表示出来。如：用“√”表示到会，用“○”表示没到会。ABCDEF第一次√√√○○○第二次○√○√√○第三次√○○○√√3．引导提问。（1）从第一次到会的情况，你可以看出什么？可以看出：A只可能和D、E或F同班。（2）从第二次到会的情况，你可以判断什么？可以看出：A只能和D或E同班。（3）从第三次到会的情况，你可以判断什么？可以判断：A只可能和D同班。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●数与代数●第十二课时教学设计教学流程4．那么B和C分别与谁同班？从第一次到会的情况可以看出，B只可能和E或F同班。从第二次到会的情况可以判断，B只可能和F同班。所以，C只可能与E同班。二、巩固练习完成课本练习十八第5～7题。过程要求：（1）小组合作，共同探索解决问题的方法。（2）教师巡视，根据具体情况适时指导。三、课堂小结你认为用列表法解决问题有什么好处？你还有什么方法一样可以解决问题，与同学交流。四、布置作业板书设计数学思考（二）ABCDEF第一次√√√○○○第二次○√○√√○第三次√○○○√√课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段用列表方法解决问题的有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第一课时教学设计教学内容线与角。（课文第96页有关内容，练习十九中相应的练习题）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念有效的数学学习活动不能单纯地依赖模仿和记忆，动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。教学目标1．使学生进一步理解直线、射线和线段的含义，掌握它们的联系与区别。2．使学生进一步理解和掌握垂直与平行的含义，能正确地画平行线和垂线。3．使学生进一步理解角的含义、角的分类，并能正确利用直尺、量角器画出指定度数的角。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流1．线。（1）复习直线、射线和线段。①画一画。（要求学生分别画出直线、射线、线段。）...直线直线线段②说一说，填一填。端点个数是否可以延长是否可以度量长度直线射线线段（2）复习垂线、平行线。①画一画。（学生分别画一组垂线、平行线。）完成后，请同学介绍画垂线、平行线的方法。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第一课时教学设计教学流程②说一说。在什么情况下两条直线互相垂直？在什么情况下两条直线互相平行？③想一想。A、什么是距离？点到直线的距离是哪一条？B、两条平行线之间的距离有什么特征？C、对垂线和平行线你还知道哪些知识？2．角：（1）复习角的意义。①画任意角，指出角的各部分名称。②结合图形，说一说什么是角。（2）复习角的大小。①延长角的两边，角的大小是否变化？②比较大小。（3）角的分类。（4）画角。二、巩固练习：完成练习十九第1、2题。三、课堂小结1．直线、射线和线段的区别？同一平面内两条直线有哪几种位置关系？2．有哪几种角？四、布置作业板书设计图形的认识与测量复习直线、直线和射线。线线线与角复习垂线、平行线。角的意义角角的大小角的分类画角课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段线与角的有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第二课时教学设计教学内容平面图形的特点，周长和面积的计算。（课文第96、97页的有关内容，练习时就中的练习题）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念有效的数学学习活动不能单纯地依赖模仿和记忆，动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式；学生的数学学习活动应当是一个生动活泼的、主动和富有个性的过程。教学目标1．使学生熟悉掌握四边形、三角形、圆等平面图形的特点，并能综合运用所学知识和技能解决问题。2．使学生熟练掌握长方形、正方形、平行四边形、三角形、梯形、圆的周长或面积的计算方法，并能解决有关实际问题。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾据交流1．学生说一说以学过的平面图形的特点。（1）教师出示相关表格，引导学生完成。边角平行四边形长方形正方形三角形等腰三角形等边三角形（2）结合表格中的特点，让学生说一说。①平行四边形、长方形和信号分析之间的关系。②三角形、等腰三角形、等边三角形的关系。（3）说一说圆有什么特点？2．周长与面积。（1）举例说明什么是平面图形的周长？什么是平面图形的面积？（2）如何计算长方形、正方形、圆的周长？举例说明。（3）分别说出已学过的多边形的面积计算公式。并简要描述有关面积公式的联系。（结合公式推导过程）（4）说一说圆的面积计算公式以及推导过程。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第二课时教学设计教学流程二、巩固练习1．完成课文中的“做一做”。过程要求：（1）学生独立计算。（2）说一说你是怎样算的。①分别找出各图形的周长，并说明计算方法。②各图形的面积计算的方法。2．完成课文练习十九的第3～9题。第3题：（1）从图中你得到哪些信息？（2）你是怎么估的？结果是多少？第4题：（1）认真观察图形，掌握图形特征。（2）判断，并说明理由。第5、6题：（1）学生独立计算。（2）与同学交流，说一说你是怎么做的。第7题：（1）根据题意，画一画。（2）与同学交流，看一看怎样画。第8题：（1）你见到的窨井盖都是什么形状的？（2）为什么设计成圆形的，如果涉及成其他形状，会出现什么情况？第9题：（1）学生独立设计，在图上画一画，看一看有几种不同的画法。（2）与同学交流，看看还可以怎样画？三、课堂小结1．说一说计算图形面积、周长的公式。2．说一说长度单位与面积单位的统一。四、布置作业板书设计图形的认识与测量（二）四边形梯形正方形长方形平行四边形课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段平面图形的特点，周长和面积的计算有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第三课时教学设计教学内容立体图形的特点，观察物体（课文第98页的有关内容，练习十九中相应的练习）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念有效的数学学习活动不能单纯地依赖模仿和记忆，动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式；学生的数学学习活动应当是一个生动活泼的、主动和富有个性的过程。教学目标1．使学生进一步掌握长方体、正方体、圆柱和与圆锥的特点，掌握空间观念与图形的基础知识。2．使学生丰富对现实空间及图形的认识，建立初步的空间观念，发展形象思维。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流1．立体图形的特点。请学生分别说出自己已学过的立体图形的特点。教师出示相关表格，引导学生认真填写。长方体正方体面棱顶点圆柱圆锥底面侧面高结合表中的内容，说一说长方体与正方体之间的关系、圆柱与圆锥的关系。2．观察物体。出示立体图形。问：（1）从正面看得到什么形状？（2）从上面看得到什么形状？（3）从侧面看得到什么形状？119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第三课时教学设计教学流程出示立体图形。要求学生利用方格纸分别画出从正面、侧面和上面看到的形状。二、巩固练习完成课文练习十九的第11、12题。要求：学生先独立思考，然后再小组中交流。三、课堂小结通过观察物体活动，你有什么收获？四、布置作业板书设计图形的认识与测量（三）长方体正方体面棱顶点圆柱圆锥底面侧面高课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段立体图形的特点以及观察物体的有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第四课时教学设计教学内容立体图形的表面积、体积的计算方法。（课文第98页的有关内容）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念学生是数学学习的主人，教师是数学学习的组织者、引导者。有效的数学学习活动不能单纯地依赖模仿和记忆，动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。教学目标使学生熟练掌握长方体、正方体、圆柱的表面积与体积的计算方法，掌握圆锥体积的计算方法，并能解决有关问题。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流1．表面积。（1）举例说明什么是立体图形的表面积。（2）说一说长方体、正方体、圆柱的表面积的计算方法。长方体：cS＝（ab＋ah＋bh）×2aba正方体：S＝6a2aa圆柱：S＝S侧＋S底×2＝2rh＋2r22．体积。（1）什么是体积？（2）分别说出已学过的立体图形的体积公式。长方体：V＝abh正方体：V＝a3圆柱：V＝sh圆锥：V＝sh（3）说一说这些公式之间的联系。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第四课时教学设计教学流程①长方体、正方体、圆柱的联系。V正＝a3V长＝abhV柱＝sh＝a×a×a＝s·h＝s·hV＝sh②圆柱与圆锥的关系。a．说一说圆锥体积计算公式的推导过程。b．在等底等高时，圆锥体积等于圆柱体积的二、巩固练习1．完成课文中的“做一做”。（1）说一说解决问题的方法。（2）说一说解答步骤。2．完成课文练习十九中的第10，13～17题。三、课堂小结1．说一说长方体、正方体、圆柱和圆锥体积及联系。2．在计算物体体积时，注意单位的统一。四、布置作业板书设计图形的认识与测量（四）长方体表面积：S＝（ab＋ah＋bh）×2长方体：V＝abh表面积正方体表面积：S＝6a2体正方体：V＝a3圆柱表面积：S侧＋S底×2积圆柱：V＝sh圆锥：sh课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段立体图形表面积、体积的计算方法的有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第五课时教学设计教学内容长方体、正方体、圆柱、圆锥的实际应用时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念学生是数学学习的主人，教师是数学学习的组织者、引导者。有效的数学学习活动不能单纯地依赖模仿和记忆，动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。教学目标通过综合练习进一步理解立体图形的表面积和体积（容积）的概念，熟练地掌握计算方法，并能应用求积公式解答实际问题；进一步发展空间观念，培养抽象思维能力。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、基本练习1．表面积与体积的意义。（1）什么叫做立体图形的表面积？并举例说明。（2）什么叫做立体图形的体积？并举例说明。2．长方体、正方体的表面积，圆柱的侧面积、表面积。出示下图三种图形，让学生个按要求写出相应的公式。（1）长方体、正方体表面积公式。S长＝（ab＋ah＋bh）×2S正＝6a2（2）圆柱的侧面积、表面积公式。S侧＝2rh＝dh＝ChS表＝2rh＋2r23．长方体、正方体、圆柱、圆锥的体积。（1）出示上面三个立体图形并另加一个等底等高的圆锥体。（2）请两位同学到黑板上写出上面四个图形的体积公式，以及长方体、正方体、圆柱的统一公式。其余同学完成书本上的体积公式填空。①V长＝abh②V正＝a3V＝sh③V圆柱＝sh119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第五课时教学设计教学流程④V圆锥sh4．口算求积。（1）一个长方体容器，从里面量长与宽都是5厘米，高是2分米，求这个容器的容积式多少？（2）一个圆柱形石柱，底面半径是2分米，高1米，这个石柱所占的空间有多大？（3）一个圆锥形铅锤高3厘米，底面直径2厘米，这个铅锤有多大?二、实际应用1．要做一个底面周长是18分米、高是3分米的长方体框架，至少需要多少分米的铁丝？2．将15.7毫升溶液倒入内直径为2厘米的圆柱形玻璃内，玻璃内溶液的高是多少厘米？3．一个圆柱形大油罐的底面周长62.8米，高4.5分米。做这样一个油罐至少需要多少平方米的钢板？如果每立方米可装饰有700千克，这个油罐可装饰有多少吨？4．用3个相同的正方体，粘接成一个长方体，粘接成的长方体总棱长40分米。这个长方体的表面积与体积各是多少？三、布置作业板书设计综合练习①V长＝abh②V正＝a3V＝sh③V圆柱＝sh④V圆锥sh课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段长方体、正方体、圆柱、圆锥的实际应用的有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第六课时教学设计教学内容图形的平移，旋转与对称，图形的放大与缩小。（课文第103页的内容，练习二十）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念注重学生已有的生活经验，感受数学来源于生活，运用于生活。通过自主探索认识和掌握图形性质，积累数学活动的经验，发展空间观念和推理能力。了解图形的变换以及对图形的感受和欣赏，培养学生的审美能力。教学目标使学生深刻认识图形变换的原理，进一步掌握图形变换的基础知识和基本技能，并能解决简单的问题。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流1．轴对称图形。（1）什么是轴对称图形？（2）判断下面图形，哪些是轴对称图形？（3）画对称轴。出示长方形、等腰三角形、圆，让学生分别画出三种图形的对称轴，并说出可以画几条？（4）画对称图形出示相关图形，指导学生画对称图。2．平移有旋转。（1）出示相关图形，让学生说出哪些现象是平移，哪些是旋转？119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第五课时教学设计教学流程（2）画一画。（出示相关图形，让学生根据要求完成）3．图形的放大与缩小。把图形按2：1放大。（1）“按2：1放大”是什么意思？（2）师生共同完成。二、巩固练习1．完成课文“做一做”。2．完成课文练习二十。三、布置作业板书设计图形与变换把图形按2：1放大课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段图形的平移、旋转与对称，图形的放大与缩小的有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第六课时教学设计教学内容方向与线路，用数对表示位置。（课文第106页的内容，练习二十一）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念人人都能从学习数学中获得成功体验的活动在不同的层面上得到发展。突出探究性渗透压力，使学生亲历“做数学”的过程。教学目标通过复习使学生进一步理解和掌握确定位置的方法，并能综合运用这些知识解决有关问题。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流1．方向和路线。（1）填写方向标。北（2）说一说。①以教室为观察点，说一说学校周围各建筑物所处在的方向。②举例说明，从学校出发到某一建筑物的路线。③结合课文提供的地图，说一说。A．从阳光小区到公园的路线。B．从学校到邮局的路线。④看图说路线。教师出示相应的线路图，要求学生完成以下问题。A．从少年宫到车站的线路。B．从车站到少年宫的路线。2．确定位置。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第六课时教学设计教学流程（1）怎样才能确定位置？①明确位置。②确定距离。（2）利用数对来表示物体的位置。完成课文练习二十一第2题。过程要求：①数对（5，6）中，5表示什么？6表示什么？②找出各个馆的位置，并用数对表示。③互相交流。二、巩固练习完成课文练习二十一第1、3、4题。三、布置作业板书设计图形与位置明确位置怎样才能确定位置确定距离课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段方向与路线，用数对表示位置等的有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第七课时教学设计教学内容统计图、统计表、平均数、中位数、众数等。（课文第109～111也能让，练习二十二中有关练习）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念强调统计与概率过程目标的达成。对统计表特征和统计量实际意义的理解。注意避免单纯的统计量的计算和对有关术语进行严格表述。教学目标使学生系统第掌握统计的基础知识和基本技能，并能解决有关的简单问题。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流1．收集数据，统计表。师：我们班要和希望小学的六（1）班建立手拉手班级，你想向手拉手的同学介绍哪些情况呢？学生讨论、交流。（1）调查表。为了清楚第记录你的情况，同学们设计了一种个人情况调查表。姓名性别身高/cm体重/kg最喜欢的学科最喜欢的运动项目最喜欢的图书长大后最希望做的工作最喜欢的电视节目特长①填一填。②用语言描述清楚还是表格记录清楚？（2）统计表。为了帮助整理和分析全班的数据，同学们有设计了一种统计表。××班学生最喜欢的学科统计表学科语文数学英语音乐美术体育其他①根据上一张表中“最喜欢的学科”统计各学科人数。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●空间与图形●第七课时教学设计教学流程②将数据填在统计表中。③你认为用体积表记录数据有什么好处？你对统计表还知道哪些知识？与同学交流。2．统计图。（1）你学过集中统计图？分别叫做什么统计图？各有什么特征？（2）教学例1.①认真观察例题中的图表。②指出个统计图的名称。③从图中你能得到哪些信息？④还可以通过什么手段收集数据？⑤做一项调查工作的主要步骤是什么？3．平均数、中位数和众数各是多少？（1）什么是平均数？什么是中位数？什么是众数？（2）出示例题。①在上面两组数据中，平均数、中位数、众数各是多少？②不用计算，你能发现上面两组数据的平均数，中位数和众数之间的大小关系吗？③你认为用什么数表示上面两组数据的一般水平比较合适？二、巩固练习：完成练习二十二第1～4题。三、布置作业板书设计统计条形统计图统计图折线统计图扇形统计图课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段统计图、统计表、平均数、中位数、众数等的有关知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●统计与可能性●第一课时教学设计教学内容有关可能性的知识。（课文第111页的例题，练习二十二中相应的练习）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念依据学生的心里特点和实际情况，关注不同学生的数学学习需要，创造性地使用教材和开发课程资源，为学生展示个性提供广阔的空间，为培养学生提供丰富多彩的学习素材，让学生感受开放性，弹性化的学习内容，通过观察、操作、类比和推理等数学活动，建立体验数学问题的探索性和趣味性。教学目标1．通过复习与整理，使学生进一步丰富对可能性的认识，掌握可能性的基础知识，能计算一些简单事件发生的可能性。2．经历预测等实验活动，发展学生初步的合情推理能力。教学准备习题卡教学流程一、回顾与交流1．一定、可能、不可能。下面哪些现象是一定的，哪些是可能的，哪些是不可能的。（1）明天会下雨。（2）2008年北京奥运会上，刘翔会创造110米栏的纪录。（3）王明身高会达到14.5米。（4）人每天都需要水。（5）明年手机会大幅度降价。通过以上练习使学生进一步体会到现实生活中存在着可能的现象。2．可能性的大小。（1）出示转盘红白黄黄黄提出问题：（1）指针所停在的区域有几种可能性？是什么情况？（2）指针停在什么区域的可能性大？为什么？（3）指针停在什么区域的可能性小？为什么？红红红红蓝红红红（2）你还能举出那些实例来说明可能性的大小？蓝红红红红红红红如摸球游戏。摸出黑球的可能性大，摸出白球的可能性小。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●统计与可能性●第一课时教学设计教学流程3．用分数表示可能性的大小。（1）摸球游戏。红红蓝红蓝红蓝红红红蓝红蓝红蓝红问题：摸到红球的可能性是多少？摸到蓝球的可能性是多少？你是怎么算的？（2）掷硬币。问题：投掷硬币后，硬币正面朝上与反面朝上的可能性哪个大？可以请学生上台进行实验，全班学生观察结果。二、巩固练习完成课文练习二十二的第5～7题。过程要求：（1）学生独立完成练习。（2）与同伴交流，说一说你是怎么想的。三、布置作业板书设计可能性一定、可能、不可能可能性可能性的大小用分数表示可能性的大小课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段有关可能性的知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●统计与可能性●第二课时教学设计教学内容有趣的平衡问题。（课文第114、115页的内容）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念新课程标准理念提倡“教师是学习活动的组织者、引导者、参与者”。课堂的学习活动过程是教师给学生创设自主、探究、合作的学习空间，是组织学生发现、寻找、搜集和利用学生资源。教学目标使学生初步学会运用数学的思维方式去观察，分析现实社会，去解决日常生活中和其他学科学习中的问题，增强应用数学的意识。教学准备竹竿、棋子教学流程一、活动准备1．选一根粗细均匀的竹竿，或一根细空心管。（长约1米）2．在竹竿中点的位置打个小孔并拴上绳子。3．从中点开始每隔8厘米做一个记号。（或刻小槽）如图所示：8cm8cm二、探索规律1．平衡（一）：（1）如果塑料袋挂在竹竿左右两边刻度相同的地方，怎样放棋子才能保证平衡？（2）如果左右两边塑料袋放入同样多的棋子，它们移动到什么样的位置才能保证平衡？让学生通过操作后得出结论。（3）你有什么体会？要保证竹竿平衡：中点左右两边棋子个数相同，且所挂位置到中点刻度（距离）要相等。2．平衡（二）（1）左边的塑料袋在刻度3上，放4个棋子，右边的塑料袋在刻度4上，放几个才能保证平衡？（2）如果左边的塑料袋在刻度6上放1个棋子。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●统计与可能性●第二课时教学设计教学流程让学生通过操作后得出结论。（3）你有什么体会？左右两边棋子个数与刻度数的积要相等。3．平衡（三）（1）问题：左边在刻度4上放3个棋子并保持不变，右边分别在各个刻度上放几个棋子才能保证平衡呢?（2）实验活动①学生动手进行实验活动。②将实验结果纪录下来。③教师出示相关表格，引导学生开展活动。（3）汇报结果。学生发现：左右两边刻度数和所放棋子数的积相等时，竹竿才能保证平衡。（4）从表中你发现刻度数和所放棋子数乘什么比例？（反比例）三、布置作业板书设计有趣的平衡1．平衡（一）要保证竹竿平衡：中点左右两边棋子个数相同，且所挂位置到中点刻度（距离）要相等。2．平衡（二）要保证竹竿平衡：左右两边棋子个数与刻度数的积要相等。3．平衡（三）要保证竹竿平衡：左右两边刻度数和所放棋子数的积相等时，竹竿才能保证平衡。课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段有关有趣的平衡问题的知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，操作为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●综合应用●第一课时教学设计教学内容运动场的设计。（课文第116、117页的内容）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念课堂环境应当是培养学生的创新精神和实践能力的场所，一切着眼于培养学生的创新素质发展创新兴趣，培养创新能力的理念。教学目标使学生学会从数学角度提出问题，理解问题，并能综合运用有关圆的周长、面积等知识解决问题，发展应用意识。教学准备操场示意图教学流程一、揭示课题师：这节课，我们一起来学习运动场的设计，来为学校设计一个小型运动场。板书课题：设计运动场二、组织活动1.介绍运动场的形状。（1）运动场有1个长方形和两个半圆组成。（2）长方形的长是两条直线跑道的长，宽是两个半圆的直径。（2）运动场公设4条跑道，最内侧跑道的内沿长200m，每条跑道宽1m。（4）直线跑道的长定为50米。出示示意图。2.解决问题。（1）画一张比例尺是的平面图。①说一说你想怎么画。②直线跑道在图上用多少厘米表示？③学生画平面图，教师巡视。④投影展示学生所画的平面图，师生共同评价。（2）这个运动场的占地面积是多少平方米？①你认为可以怎样计算运动场的占地面积？②计算时要注意什么？③算一算，将结果与同学交流。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●综合应用●第一课时教学设计教学流程（4）设计100m和200m赛跑的起跑线。①你认为先确定哪一道的100米起跑线。②终点线不变，第2道100m跑的起点线在哪里？③照这样计算，第3道、第4道100m跑的起点线在哪里？④如果是200m赛跑，应该怎样确定各跑道的起跑线？（5）如果要给4条跑道铺设塑胶，每平方米价格170元，一共需要多少钱？①说一说你的解答思路。A．先求跑道的面积。B．再求铺设塑胶价钱。（6）运动场内还可以设计其他什么运动设施？三、布置作业板书设计设计运动场跑道面积＝整个运动场占地面积－运动场内部面积（非跑道面积）椭圆面积＝长方形面积＋圆面积总价＝跑道面积×单价课总后结本节课的教学内容是让学生重温小学阶段有关圆的周长和面积的知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●综合应用●第二课时教学设计教学内容邮票中的数学问题。（课文第118、119页的内容）时间分配讲授练习15分25分教学理念数学课堂教学活动，要让课程走向生活，实现课程与教学的整合，强调在人文环境中和谐的、民主的、平等的师生关系，关注学生的情境体验，创设宽松而具有心灵感应的学习环境和学习氛围，让学生亲身经历与感受将实际问题抽象成数学模型并进行解释与应用的过程，发展学生的学习兴趣和自信心。教学目标通过数学学习活动，使学生学会运用数学的思维方式去解决日常生活中的一些问题，增强应用数学的意识，发展学生的实践能力和创新精神。教学准备实物投影教学流程一、揭示课题1．观察邮票。实物投影出示课文中的邮票。问：你寄过信吗？见过这些邮票吗？2．说一说。（1）上面这些邮票都是普通邮票，你还见过哪些邮票？（2）你知道它们各有什么作用吗？3．揭示课题。师：今天，我们就一起来探究邮票中的数学问题。板书课题：邮票中的数学问题。二、组织活动出示邮政相关的费用。问：从表中你得到哪些信息？2．一封45g的信，寄往外地，怎样贴邮票？（1）学生观察表中的数据，计算出所需邮资。（2）说一说你是怎样算的？3．如果邮寄不超过100g的信函，最多只能贴3张邮票，只用80分和1.2元的邮票能满足需要吗？如果不能，请你设计一张邮票，看看多少面值的邮票能满足需要。（1）不超过100g的信函，需要多少资费？①学生说一说个小红可能的邮资？119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave人教版小学数学六年级下册●第六单元总复习●综合应用●第二课时教学设计教学流程②引导列表描述。（2）只用80分和1.2元两种面值可支付的资费是多少？一张：80分1.2元两张：80分×2＝1.6元1.2×2＝2.4元0.8＋1.2＝2.0元三张：0.8×3＝2.4元1.2×3＝3.6元0.8×2＋1.2＝2.8元1.2×2＋0.8＝3.2元（3）你认为可以设计一张多少面值的邮票？①学生自行设计各种面值的邮票。②看看多少面值的邮票能满足需要。4.如果想最多只用4中面值的邮票，就能支付所有不超过400g的信函的资费，除了80分和1.2元两种面值，你认为还需要增加什么面值的邮票？（1）先看看从101～400g的信函，有哪些可能的资费？（2）你想设计什么面值的邮票？①自行设计。②与同学交流。（3）你见过你设计的这种面值的邮票吗？三、布置作业板书设计邮票中的数学问题课总后结本节课的教学内容是邮票中的问题的知识进行系统整理。在教学中，以学生为主体，教师为主导，训练为主线。先让学生回忆，配合相关的练习题，让学生进行训练，加深学生的理解。119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave\nsummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave9JWKffwvG#tYM*Jg&6a*CZ7H$dq8KqqfHVZFedswSyXTy#&QA9wkxFyeQ^!djs#XuyUP2kNXpRWXmA&UE9aQ@Gn8xp$R#͑Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuWFA5ux^Gj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5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuWFA5uxY7Jv#nD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%MzXNQExJB8VK#%W7m$ZA5JdkVWce9APz^FvJzwYWCcyAh*bnxBvaFQH8YHV$#&3Q3vdWe3YXvbJr119summerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo. Roderick:Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please? Henry:Who?Me,sir? Roderick:Yes,you. Oliver:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft. Henry:(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks. Servant:Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permitmetoleadtheway,sir. Oliver:（Henryenters）Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall. Roderick:Howdoyoudo,Mr…er…? Henry:Adams.HenryAdams. Oliver:Comeandsitdown,MrAdams. Henry:Thankyou. Roderick:YouareanAmerican? Henry:That’sright,fromSanFrancisco. Roderick:HowwelldoyouknowLondon? Henry:Notatall,it’smyfirsttriphere. Roderick:Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou’dmindUSaskingafewquestions. Henry:Notatall.Gorightahead. Roderick:Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare? Henry:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I’mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact,IlandedinBritainbyaccident. Oliver:Howisthatpossible? Henry:Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay…(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.) Oliver:Well,goon. Henry:Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Itdidn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI’djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlsotwhenIwasspottedbyaship. Oliver:AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland. Henry:Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but…(Thebrotherssmileateachother.) Roderick:Well,youmustn’tworryaboutthat.It’sanadvantage. Henry:I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir. Roderick:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica. Henry:Iworkedforaminingcomapany.Couldyouoffermesomekineofworkhere? Roderick:Patience,MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave? Henry:Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone. Oliver:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether) Henry:Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyouideaofsomekndofjoke,Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway. Roderick:Pleasedon’tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter. Oliver:Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter. Henry:(takingitcarefully)Forme? Roderick:Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn’topenit.Notyet.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock. Henry:Oh,thisissilly. Roderick::Notsilly.There’smoneyinit(callstotheservant)James? Henry:Oh,no.Idon’twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob. Roderick:Weknowyou’rehard-working.That'swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout. Henry:Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout? Roderick:You’llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf. Servant:Thisway,sir. Roderick:MrAdams,notuntil2o’clock.Promise? Henry:Promise.Goodbye.  ActI,Scene4 (OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.) Owner:(seeingHenry’spoorappearance)Thatone’sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace. Henry:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I’dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick. Waiter:Right,sir.I’mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney. Henry:Iunderstand.AndI’llhavealargeglassofbeer. Waiter:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.) Hostess:Mygoodness!Why,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf. Owner:We’llseeifhe’scelverasawolf,eh? Henry:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(waiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer. Waiter:Again?Everything? Henry:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter’sface)Anythingwrong? Waiter:No,notatall.(totheowner)He’saskedformoreofthesame. Owner:It’swell-knownthatamericansliketoeatalot.Well,we’llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit. Waiter:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargegalssesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes? Waiter:(inarudemanner)What’stheretowaitfor? Owner:Allright,Horace.I’lltakecareofthis. Henry:(toowner)Thatwasawonderfulmeal.It’samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethinsinlife,especiallyyoucan’thavethemforawhile. Owner:Yes,veryinteresing.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyoubillIcanhelptheothercustomers. Henry:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbankNorelcoinhishandsHenryisverysurprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’msorry.But…I…Idon’thaveanythingsmaller. Owner:(stillshockedandnervous)Well…er…justonmoment.Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinit’sgenuine? Hostess:Oh,dear,Idon’tknow.Isimplydon’tknow. Owner:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount…Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoonuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen. Hostess:Buthe’sinrags! Owner:Perhapshe’saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit! Hostess:(hitsherhusband’sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goanseehimatone. Owner:(toHenry)I’msorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote. Henry:Butit’sallIhaveonme. Owner:Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We’resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed,sir,Ihopeyou’llcomeherewheneveryoulike. Henry:Well,that'sverykndofyou. Owner:Kind,sir?No,it’skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit. Henry:Forgetit?Well…thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou. Owner:Oh,it’sforUStothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves) ActⅡ,Scene4 Narrator:attheendofthemonth,Henrywasveryrichanddidn'tfearjail.Dressedinthefinestclothes,hedrovebythebrothers’houseinPortlandPlaceand,seeingtheywereback,wenttogetPortiaatherfriennd’shome. Henry:Mydear,thewayyoulooktoday,itwouldbeacrimenottoaskforagoodsalaryforthejobthey’llgivetome. Portia:Oh,pleaserememberthatifweaskfortoomuchwemaygetnosalaryatall;andthenwhat’llhappentous,withnowayintheworldtoearnaliving? (Atthebrothers’home,theservantletsthemin.thetwobrothersareseated,waiting.) Henry:Goodmorning,gentlemen.(RodrickseemsverysurprisedtoseePortia)Portia,thesearethemenwhohelpedme. Portia:Sovarynicetomeetyou,kindsirs.(ShegivesOliverawinkwithoneeye.) Roderick:Er…Portia,I… Oliver:We’rebothgladtohearit,fornowwecandecidethebetwhichRoderickandImade.Ifyou’vewonforme,youshallhaveanyjobasmygift.Haveyougotthemillionpoundbanknote? Henry:Hereitis,sir. Oliver:I’vewon!Nowwhatdoyousay,Roderick? Roderick:IsaythatI’velosttwentythousandpounds.Ineverwouldhavebelievedit.Why,thatisamazing,man! Henry:Come,let’sbegoingnow,Portia. Oliver:Butwait,wait!Thejob,youknow.Imustgiveyouajob,asIpromised. Henry:Well,thankyouverymuch,butIreallydon’twantonenow. Portia:Henry,I’mdisappointedinyou.Youdidn'tthankthegentlemenproperly.MayIdoitforyou? Henry:Letmeseeyoutry. (PortiawalksovertoRoderickandgiveshimahug.ThenshesitsinOliver’slap,putsherarmsaroundhisnevkandkisseshimonthecheek.Oliverbeginslaughing.) Portia:Papa,hesayshedoesn'twantanythingelsefromyou. Henry:(shocked)Mydear,isthatyourpapa? Portia:He’smystepfather,andthedearestonethateverwas. Henry:Oh,mydearestdearsir,IregretwhatIsaid.YouhavegotajobopenthatIwant. Oliver:Nameit. Henry:Son-in-law. Oliver:Well,well,well!Butyou’veneverhadsuchajobbefore.Howcanitbesureyoucandoitsuccessfully? Henry:Tryme…oh,do,Ibegofyou!Giveme30or40years,and… Oliver:Oh,well,allright. Narrator:ArePortiaandHenryhappy?Therearenotenoughwordinthebiggestdictionarytodescribeit.DidthepeopleofLondonhaveagoodtimewiththisbitofnews?Yes.Portia’sstepfathertookthatbanknotebacktotheBankofEnglandandcashedit.Thebanknotewasthenuselessformoneybutwashisweddinggifttotheyoungcouple.Yes,thebanknotewasworthmillionsofdollars,butnotworthontentheasmuchashowHenryfeltaboutPortia. Unit4 Howlifebeganontheearth Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang“thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombingtocreatestarsandotherbodies. Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang“,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthenwarebecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimprtantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface. WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpersenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossiblethiefriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheyGavinbirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandprodecedmilktofeedthem. Finnallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcelveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheynotheylookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevenrsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybcometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved. Avisittothemoon LastmonthIwasluckyengoughtohave